Bulgaria

Bulgaria is an important producer of foie gras but a minor consumer. Multiple sources agree that production is large—EU and industry data list Bulgarian production at about 2.6 – 2.7 thousand tonnes of duck foie gras annually in the 2010s and early‑2020s[1][2]. Bulgarian farmers raise roughly 5 million mule ducks on around 800 farms, making the country the world’s second or third largest producer[3][4]. A 2023 analysis by InteliAgro (a Bulgarian agri‑consultancy) notes that foie‑gras production remains exotic and unfamiliar in the Bulgarian market and is almost entirely export‑oriented[2]. Compassion in World Farming’s factsheet reports that about 88 % of Bulgaria’s foie‑gras output is exported to France[5]; a separate Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce analysis states that the country holds 36.7 % of world exports of duck liver, 26 % of frozen duck meat and 18 % of fresh duck meat, although total volumes are only about US$150 million[6]. These figures imply that domestic consumption accounts for a small fraction of production—likely under 10 % of output (i.e., roughly 200–250 tonnes of liver annually). Domestic consumption patterns confirm this. A 2023 national survey by Sova Harris cited by InteliAgro found that 56 % of Bulgarians had never tried foie gras, 7 % had tried it once, 11 % consumed it rarely, only 2 % consumed it often, and nearly a quarter did not know what foie gras is[7]. These results suggest that foie gras remains an elite or niche product and that per‑capita exposure is minimal. Interviewed producers told The Local (2016) that foie gras is “virtually unknown at local Christmas dinner tables” and that the bulk of their production goes to France[8]. Trends over time indicate stable or slightly growing production but limited domestic consumption: production has increased from about 1,500 t in 2005 to 2,752 t in 2020[9], yet surveys show that most Bulgarians still do not eat it[7]. Consumption remains largely static because exports absorb the growth and because foie‑gras is not part of traditional Bulgarian cuisine.

Bulgaria’s foie‑gras consumption is tightly linked to its export‑oriented production system. Production, almost entirely from ducks[1], averages ~2.6 thousand tonnes per year[2] and ranks second or third globally[13]. The industry uses millions of ducks and involves about 70 enterprises and eight specialized slaughterhouses[12]. According to Compassion in World Farming, 88 % of Bulgaria’s foie‑gras output is exported to France[5]; InteliAgro adds that raw, prepared or canned liver is exported almost entirely to France, Belgium and Spain, giving Bulgaria about 20 % of world exports of raw duck liver[14]. A 2023 analysis by the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce notes that the country holds 36.7 % of world exports of duck liver[6]. These data imply that domestic consumption relies on the domestic supply and there is virtually no need for imports. Trade statistics confirm that the lion’s share of Bulgarian meat exports (commodity group 02) goes to France—about 34 % in 2023[15]—and primarily consists of poultry meat and offal[16]. Conversely, Bulgarian imports of goose or duck liver are negligible. Because production remains legal, there is no ban driving a black market; thus consumption persisted unaltered. If an EU‑wide ban on force‑feeding were introduced, Bulgarian producers fear it would devastate exports; this concern prompted them to lobby against a proposed ban in 2012[17]. For now, Bulgaria continues to export most of its production, and domestic consumption remains a by‑product of an export‑driven sector.

Fine‑dining restaurants are the primary venues for foie‑gras consumption. Menus in upscale restaurants in Plovdiv, Sofia and historic towns illustrate how foie gras is offered: Smokini (Plovdiv) listed “Foie gras with green fig purée”—a 150 g portion priced at 17.90 BGN (€9)—served with poached pears, orange and green apple gels[10]. The menu noted that the dish was sometimes out of stock, reflecting sporadic demand. Aubergine restaurant (Sofia) offered a pâté of duck liver (foie gras) with rum, thyme and orange, served with crostini, costing 12.50 € (24.45 BGN) for 150 g[18]. Bey House (Arbanasi) served a foie‑gras appetizer—duck liver with Bulgarian rose chutney, green salad, Easter‑bread chips and mustard mousse—priced at €21 (41 BGN) for 150 g. The same menu integrated foie gras into a farm‑raised pork tenderloin dish served with spelt risotto and smoked mushrooms. Some mid‑range venues use foie gras in burgers or duck‑liver terrines, indicating an attempt to broaden its appeal, but these remain niche. Apart from restaurant dining, gourmet shops or specialty delis occasionally sell duck‑liver pâtés for consumption at home. Mainstream supermarkets rarely stock fresh foie gras due to limited demand and high price. There is no evidence of foie gras being served in airlines or cruise ships departing from Bulgaria.

Bulgaria’s foie‑gras market has a barbell structure: large producers focused on export and a small domestic niche served by gourmet restaurants. Key features include: Major producers: Companies such as Volex (featured in a 2016 Local article) operate large facilities; the factory owner noted that his firm shipped about 80 % of production to France, while exports were expanding to Switzerland, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand[8]. Agroplasment‑92 and other enterprises export livers under private labels to Western Europe. Distribution: Because 88 % of foie‑gras is exported[5], the domestic supply chain is small. Producers sell limited quantities of fresh or processed liver to a few distributors who supply luxury restaurants and gourmet shops. There is no mass‑market retail channel. Price positioning: Restaurant menus price foie‑gras dishes at €9–21 per portion[10]. For high‑end restaurants in Bulgaria, this is an accessible luxury for tourists and affluent locals but still costly relative to average wages. In the export market, Bulgarian foie gras is sold under private labels and can be cheaper than French products, giving it competitive advantage in international markets[11]. Role of tourism: Gourmet experiences targeted at foreigners are crucial. Travel articles highlight that travellers can taste Bulgarian foie gras and other luxury foods at relatively low prices[11]. Therefore, tourism and luxury hospitality (boutique hotels, estate restaurants) sustain a part of the domestic market. Reformulations and substitutes: There is little evidence of “ethical” foie‑gras or plant‑based alternatives in Bulgaria; activists focus on banning force‑feeding rather than promoting substitutes. However, some restaurants incorporate foie‑gras into dishes with Bulgarian ingredients (rose chutney, fig purée), framing it as a local specialty.

Foie gras in Bulgaria is served mainly as duck‑liver pâté, terrine or seared slices. Common presentations include: Pâté or mousse: Restaurants like Aubergine serve pâté with rum, thyme, orange and crostini[18]. Other venues make mousse or terrine paired with jam, fruit or nuts. Seared liver/foie‑gras steak: Dishes such as “Foie gras with green fig purée” at Smokini present seared duck liver on a plate with fruit purées and gels[10]. Foie‑gras‑filled éclairs or burgers: Travel writers describe an éclair filled with foie‑gras pâté at Plovdiv’s Aylyakria restaurant[19] and mention burgers topped with duck liver at other venues. Integration into main dishes: Bey House uses Bulgarian foie gras as a garnish for pork tenderloin with spelt risotto. This indicates that foie gras often appears as an ingredient rather than a standalone entrée. Pairings often include fruit (fig, apple, orange), Bulgarian rose chutney, mustard mousse and Easter‑bread chips, echoing French traditions while incorporating local flavours. Alcohol pairings are not prominently marketed on menus, though diners may pair foie gras with wine or rakia. In general, foie gras serves as a luxury accent rather than the centrepiece of a meal.

Because domestic demand is small, advertising is minimal. There are no mass‑market campaigns promoting foie gras. Marketing appears mainly in: Restaurant menus, which use French terminology (“foie gras” or “pâté of duck liver”) alongside Bulgarian descriptions and highlight local pairings[18]. Export labels, where companies sell under private labels in Western Europe; these labels emphasise quality and often hide the Bulgarian origin to appeal to French consumers[11]. Tourism brochures, which mention foie gras among Bulgarian luxury foods, framing it as a local specialty available at lower prices[11]. The industry avoids discussing force‑feeding; there is little transparency about animal welfare on local menus or packaging. Activist campaigns use explicit language about force‑feeding and cruelty[20], but these messages are not part of mainstream marketing.

Exports drive Bulgaria’s foie‑gras economy. The country produces ~2.6–2.7 thousand tonnes of duck liver annually[1][2] and holds more than a third of world exports of duck liver[6]. Around 88 % of production is exported to France[5]; domestic consumption accounts for <10 % of output. The market is thus extremely vulnerable to international trade policy, EU welfare legislation and demand from France. Domestic consumption is niche and elite. Most Bulgarians have never tried foie gras[7]. Consumption is confined to fine‑dining restaurants in major cities and tourist hotspots, where it is marketed as a luxury experience. Typical portions cost €9–21[10]—affordable for tourists but expensive relative to local incomes. Cultural integration is weak. There is no tradition of foie‑gras consumption[2]; it is perceived as an exotic French delicacy. Restaurants integrate local flavours (rose chutney, fig purée) to create a Bulgarian spin, but these are culinary experiments rather than mass‑market products. Key vulnerabilities and pressure points: (1) EU legislation on force‑feeding—a ban would undermine Bulgarian production and exports, potentially eliminating the domestic supply. (2) Animal‑welfare activism—while domestic consumption is small, activism could influence export markets and encourage retailers in importing countries to boycott force‑fed foie gras. (3) Market dependence on France—any decline in French demand (due to health or welfare concerns) would disproportionately affect Bulgarian producers. (4) Economic inequality—as long as incomes remain low, domestic demand will stay limited; producers may continue to ignore the local market. Position in the global foie‑gras economy. Bulgaria is a mid‑size player in production but a major exporter. Because consumption is marginal, the country’s role is to supply international markets rather than foster a domestic culture of foie‑gras eating. This makes Bulgarian foie gras sensitive to shifts in global demand and regulatory changes, and it suggests that any campaign to reduce consumption should focus on export markets and production practices rather than domestic consumers. [1] Who We Are – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/who-we-are/ [2] [7] [12] [14] %D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D0%B2%20%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_2.pdf https://inteliagro.bg/sites/default/files/free_files/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D0%B2%20%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_2.pdf [3] [9] Foie gras - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie_gras [4] 4 Goods Where Bulgaria is a Leader in Exports in the World | Agroberichten Buitenland https://www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/08/22/4-goods-where-bulgaria-is-a-leader-in-exports-in-the-world [5] Microsoft Word - Foie Gras Factsheet Sept 2010 https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3818850/foie-gras-factsheet.pdf [6] News | Business support centre for small and medium enterprises https://bscsme.eu/en/news/ [8] French prepare to tuck into festive foie gras (from Bulgaria) https://www.thelocal.fr/20161221/french-prepare-to-tuck-into-foie-gras-made-in-bulgaria [10] Foie gras with green fig purée https://smokini.bg/en/menu/gashi-drob-s-pyure-ot-zeleni-smokini [11] [19] A slow food and slow train trip through Bulgaria | Adventure.com https://adventure.com/off-the-eaten-path-slow-food-bulgaria/ [13] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [15] [16] Bulgaria | Imports and Exports | World | Meat and edible meat offal | Value (US$) and Value Growth, YoY (%) | 2012 - 2023 https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/Bulgaria/02 [17] [21] Bulgaria Concerned over Foie Gras Ban | The Poultry Site https://www.thepoultrysite.com/news/2012/10/bulgaria-concerned-over-foie-gras-ban [18] Меню | Aubergine - Крафт бира и кухня в София https://aubergine.bg/menu/ [20] Петиция за забрана на насилственото угояване на патици и гъски https://stopfoiegras.caai.bg/

Bulgaria’s foie gras sector is sizeable relative to its economy but small in absolute terms. The European federation Euro Foie Gras reported that Bulgaria produced 1,860 tonnes of duck foie gras in 2024, making it Europe’s second‑largest producer behind France[1]. The industry emerged under state planning in the 1960s, expanded rapidly after Bulgaria’s transition to a market economy, and by the 2000s employed around 5,000 workers[2]. Today it remains export‑driven: in 2019 activists noted that almost all production is exported to France and that there is no domestic tradition of foie gras consumption[3]. A Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce report estimated that Bulgaria accounted for 36.7 % of world duck‑liver exports and about US $150 million in duck‑liver and duck‑meat exports in 2022[4][5]. Politically the sector enjoys some protection: Bulgaria is one of five EU countries that allow force‑feeding, and the government has resisted EU‑level bans. The Bulgarian Poultry Breeders Association argued in 2012 that geese and ducks were no longer kept in cages and predicted that European Parliament proposals for a ban would be cancelled[2]. However, opposition has grown, and a 2019 CAAI petition contended that Bulgaria ranked third worldwide in fatty‑liver production and that the practice is cruel and unnecessary[3]. The industry is vulnerable to disease (avian influenza) and to the loss of French demand; between 2019 and 2024, exports of fresh/chilled fatty livers fell from 804 t to 283 t[6][7].

Bulgaria’s foie gras supply chain is vertically integrated. Most producers own or contract hatcheries, finishing farms, gavage facilities, slaughterhouses and processing plants. According to the 2011 surveillance study, about 800 farms raised hybrid mule ducks for foie gras[8]. Farms are clustered in southern and central regions such as Haskovo, Plovdiv, Pazardzhik and Yambol, where maize and barley are plentiful and there is access to slaughterhouses. Production occurs in three phases: “démarrage” (indoor brooding to 21–25 days), “pré‑gavage” (pasture rearing for eight weeks) and “gavage” (force‑feeding indoors for ~14 days)[15].

Bulgaria’s foie gras market is overwhelmingly export‑oriented. The 2019 CAAI petition noted that Bulgaria has no tradition of eating foie gras and almost all production is exported[3]. Trade statistics corroborate this.

Opposition to foie gras in Bulgaria is a relatively recent phenomenon. In 2012, several Members of the European Parliament called for an EU‑wide ban on foie gras, prompting Bulgarian producers to mobilise. The Poultry Breeders Association argued that production employed 5,000 people and that birds were no longer caged[2]. Animal‑welfare groups such as Four Paws and CAAI (Campaigns and Activism for Animals in Industry) launched public campaigns, undercover investigations and protests. CAAI’s “Stop Gavage” campaign, launched in 2019, organised petitions and demonstrations. It highlighted that Bulgaria ranked third worldwide in fatty‑liver production in 2019, that there is no tradition of foie‑gras consumption and that nearly all production is exported to France[3]. The campaign collected tens of thousands of signatures urging the Bulgarian parliament to ban force‑feeding and used social media to pressure restaurants to drop foie gras. International organisations, including Eurogroup for Animals and Four Paws, amplified the campaign and lobbied EU institutions to remove foie gras weight standards. Producers responded with public‑relations efforts emphasizing rural employment and export revenues. Some published videos showing open‑air rearing during the “pré‑gavage” phase and argued that ducks voluntarily swallow the feed. They also worked through Euro Foie Gras to lobby Brussels and national governments to defend the practice.

No Bulgarian court cases directly challenging foie gras production have been reported. Legislative activity has focused at the EU level: in 2012 and again in 2021–22, MEPs introduced motions to ban force‑feeding, but these did not pass. A 2018 CORHV opinion considered a proposal from the animal‑welfare group GAIA to eliminate the minimum liver weight requirement and effectively ban force‑feeding; the Bulgarian agriculture ministry opposed the proposal and argued that weight standards ensured product quality. Domestically, CAAI’s petition sought a national ban, but the government has not initiated such legislation. Local municipalities have limited authority; none have banned production.

Bulgaria’s foie gras industry differs from France’s in several ways: Export dependence: Almost all production is exported[3], whereas France has a large domestic market. Low‑cost production: Cheap labour and feed give Bulgarian producers a price advantage of €3–4 per kg[11]. This makes Bulgarian foie gras attractive to French wholesalers seeking lower‑cost supply. Vertical integration: A handful of firms control the supply chain (hatchery, feed, gavage, slaughter), ensuring economies of scale[9]. France has both small artisanal producers and integrated groups; Bulgaria is predominantly industrial. Political vulnerability: Bulgaria lacks the deep culinary and cultural attachment to foie gras found in France. The absence of domestic demand and the reliance on export markets make the industry vulnerable to foreign bans or market shifts. Legal lacunae: Bulgarian law contains general animal‑welfare provisions but no specific regulation of force‑feeding[17]. In France, foie gras is protected as part of its cultural heritage. These factors place Bulgaria closer to the industrial commodity exporter end of the spectrum: the sector is export‑driven, low‑cost and politically fragile despite providing rural employment.

Export market concentration: France, Belgium and Spain absorb most Bulgarian foie gras exports. WITS data show that in 2024 more than 60 % of exports by value went to France[7]. Any sales ban in these countries would severely impact Bulgarian producers. Disease outbreaks: The AI epidemics of 2016–17 and 2022–23 revealed that duck farms are highly susceptible; 87.5 % of secondary outbreaks occurred in forced‑feeding farms[15]. Mandatory culls destroyed 70 % of duck chicks in 2022[20], underscoring vulnerability to disease. Limited domestic support: With little domestic consumption[3], producers lack a local constituency to defend them. Cultural arguments that protect foie gras in France carry less weight in Bulgaria. Legal gaps: The absence of specific welfare standards for gavage[17] leaves the sector exposed to future regulation. Implementing Council of Europe recommendations could add costs or restrict practices. Reputational risk: Investigations showing forced feeding and environmental impacts can damage the image of Bulgarian exports. Activist campaigns highlight that the country exports cruelty for the sake of luxury food. Concentration of processing: Only a few slaughterhouses (e.g., Bulian, Agroplasment, ALAG) are EU‑licensed; targeting these facilities through consumer pressure or regulation could disrupt the supply chain.

Experiences in Bulgaria offer several lessons for advocates and policymakers: Target export markets: Given Bulgaria’s dependence on France, Belgium and Spain, advocacy campaigns and legislative efforts in those countries (e.g., restaurant bans, import restrictions) could have outsized impact. A sales ban in one major market could collapse Bulgarian exports. Leverage disease crises: Avian‑influenza outbreaks already force producers to cull birds and face export bans. Linking welfare concerns with public‑health and biosecurity risks may broaden coalitions and justify stricter controls. EU‑wide disease surveillance identified forced‑feeding farms as hotspots[15]; this can support calls for higher biosecurity or a phase‑out of gavage. Push for national standards: The CORHV report’s admission that Bulgaria lacks specific welfare regulations[17] provides a legal entry point. Advocates could demand that the Animal Protection Act be updated to ban force‑feeding or at least require welfare improvements (e.g., shorter gavage periods, lower liver weight targets). Expose export‑dependency narrative: Highlighting that almost all foie gras is exported and that most Bulgarians never eat it[3] undermines claims that the practice is culturally important and emphasises that the country bears environmental and disease risks for foreign luxury consumers. Rural diversification: Because the sector provides rural employment, any strategy must offer alternatives (e.g., supporting plant‑based agriculture or eco‑tourism). Aligning welfare reforms with development aid could reduce local resistance.

Academic and official reports: influenza‑surveillance study (Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 2016)[8][30]; EFSA/ECDC avian‑influenza reports[15][16]; Bulgarian CORHV risk assessment (2018)[17][18][19]; Bulgarian Animal Protection Act[28]. Industry sources: Euro Foie Gras key figures[1]; company websites of Alliance Agricole[9], Brezovo Ltd.[13], Agroplasment 92‑V[14][23] and Tedimex Ltd.[10]. Trade data: World Bank WITS trade database (HS 020731 and HS 020743) for 2017–2024[25][6][21][7][26]. News and advocacy: AFP/Independent (2009) interviews with Volex owner[11][12]; Poultry World (2012) on employment and EU ban debate[2]; Business Support Centre/Novinite on export share[4][5]; CAAI “Stop Gavage” campaign[3]; Reuters (2022) on avian‑influenza impacts[20]; Poultry World (2023) on duck‑meat export growth[31]; Dutch Ministry of Agriculture brief on Bulgaria’s global market share[27]. [1] Who We Are – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/who-we-are/ [2] Bulgaria fears EU ban on foie gras - Poultry World https://www.poultryworld.net/poultry/bulgaria-fears-eu-ban-on-foie-gras/ [3] Петиция за забрана на насилственото угояване на патици и гъски https://stopfoiegras.caai.bg/ [4] News | Business support centre for small and medium enterprises https://bscsme.eu/en/news/ [5] Bulgaria's Exports Exceed 50 Billion Dollars - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency https://www.novinite.com/articles/220613/Bulgaria's%20Exports%20Exceed%2050%20Billion%20Dollars [6] Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2019 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2019/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [7] Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [8] [30] Influenza surveillance on ‘foie gras’ duck farms in Bulgaria, 2008–2012 - PMC https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4746559/ [9] Activity and Production https://alag.bg/en/activity-and-production [10] Our history – Tedimex Ltd https://tedimex.bg/en/notre-histoire/ [11] Fat days for Bulgarian, Hungarian foie gras makers - Taipei Times https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/worldbiz/archives/2009/12/14/2003460869 [12] Fatter days for Bulgarian, Hungarian foie gras makers | The Independent | The Independent https://www.the-independent.com/life-style/food-and-drink/fatter-days-for-bulgarian-hungarian-foie-gras-makers-1840807.html [13] :: Brezovo Ltd.Welcome:: https://www.brezovo.com/en/home.html [14] Agroplasment -92 -V https://agroplasment92v.com/eng/index.html [15] [16] untitled https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/avian-influenza-overview-joint-report-October-2017.pdf [17] [18] [19] [29] 2018_04_20_Opinion_AW_and_Foie_gras_ducks_geese.pdf https://corhv.government.bg/files/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0/02_%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%20%D0%B8%20%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC%20%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%85/2018_04_20_Opinion_AW_and_Foie_gras_ducks_geese.pdf [20] Buy early and share, foie gras makers say after bird flu slashed output | Reuters https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/buy-early-share-foie-gras-makers-say-after-bird-flu-slashed-output-2022-10-20/ [21] Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [22] Bulgaria Concerned over Foie Gras Ban | The Poultry Site https://www.thepoultrysite.com/news/2012/10/bulgaria-concerned-over-foie-gras-ban [23] Agroplasment -92 -V https://agroplasment92v.com/eng/index-2.html [24] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [25] Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2017 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2017/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [26] Bulgaria Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine exports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020743 [27] 4 Goods Where Bulgaria is a Leader in Exports in the World | Agroberichten Buitenland https://www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/08/22/4-goods-where-bulgaria-is-a-leader-in-exports-in-the-world [28] zakon_za_zashchita_na_zhivotnite_v_sila_ot_31012008_g_obn_dv_br13_ot_8_fevruari_2008g_izm_dv_br80_ot_9_oktomvri_2009g_izm_dv_br8_ot_25_ianuari_2011.pdf https://www.mzh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2018/02/27/zakon_za_zashchita_na_zhivotnite_v_sila_ot_31012008_g_obn_dv_br13_ot_8_fevruari_2008g_izm_dv_br80_ot_9_oktomvri_2009g_izm_dv_br8_ot_25_ianuari_2011.pdf [31] [title unknown] https://www.poultryworld.net/the-industrymarkets/market-trends-analysis-the-industrymarkets-2/bulgarias-poultry-sector-sees-successful-recovery/