Strategic Takeaways

Niche but persistent demand – Foie gras consumption in Austria is small and restricted to wealthy urban consumers and tourists. Imports of fatty livers rarely exceed 10 t per year[1]. Without domestic production, the market is easily disrupted by trade policies, activism or supply shocks (e.g., avian influenza in France). Yet culinary tradition and expectations in haute cuisine sustain a baseline demand. Reliance on imports is a vulnerability – The supply chain is dominated by Hungarian producers. Any import restrictions or international boycott campaigns could rapidly eliminate foie gras from Austrian menus. Ethical retailers (Metro, Spar) already refuse force‑fed products[15]; further labelling requirements could drive other vendors away. Animal‑welfare activism influences policy and consumption – High public opposition to force‑feeding[18] and the push for labelling suggest that political action is a real pressure point. If Austria or the EU mandates origin and production‑method labels, consumer awareness may further reduce demand. Cultural shift toward local and ethical gastronomy – Leading chefs increasingly champion local ingredients and sustainable practices, deliberately moving away from imported delicacies like foie gras[16]. Alternative products (e.g., “Happy Foie”) and non‑force‑fed livers offer potential substitutes, indicating that the market may shift toward ethical luxury. Integration into global gourmet economy – While small, Austria’s foie gras market is linked to the international luxury hospitality sector through DO & CO and tourism. It functions as a microcosm of the global foie gras economy—dependent on French and Hungarian producers, promoted by chefs and airlines, and contested by animal‑welfare movements. This integration makes Austria both a consumer and a potential influencer: a move toward ethical alternatives in its high‑visibility hospitality sector could reverberate beyond its borders. [1] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Austria |2019 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2019/tradeflow/Exports/partner/AUT/product/020731 [2] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Austria |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/AUT/product/020731 [3] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Austria |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/AUT/product/020731 [4] [15] [19] Keine Schonzeit für die Martinigans - Archiv | WZ • Wiener Zeitung https://www.wienerzeitung.at/h/keine-schonzeit-fur-die-martinigans [5] Zwei Drittel der Martinigänse werden importiert - VIER PFOTEN Österreich - Stiftung für Tierschutz https://www.vier-pfoten.at/unsere-geschichten/pressemitteilungen/2023/oktober/zwei-drittel-der-martinigaense-werden-importiert [6] [13] silva-menue-en-14012025-web-3042555.pdf https://www.silva.at/media/87309/silva-menue-en-14012025-web-3042555.pdf [7] gb01.pdf https://www.doco.com/Portals/8/dokumente/en/Gesch%C3%A4ftsberichte/DOCO_Geschaeftsbericht__2014-2015__EN.pdf [8] [12] Pro Jahr 500.000 Gänse am Teller | Kurier https://kurier.at/genuss/martinigans-pro-jahr-500-000-gaense-am-teller/162.518.563 [9] Weihnachtsessen: Dürfen wir das? | Kurier https://kurier.at/genuss/weihnachtsessen-duerfen-wir-das/104.285.372 [10] [11] [18] Zankapfel „Foie gras“: Frankreich hadert mit Weihnachtsschmaus - news.ORF.at https://orf.at/stories/3240979/ [14] Our Menus | Restaurant Opus Vienna https://www.restaurant-opus.at/en/our-menus [16] More than schnitzels and sausages: Restaurants in Austria are big on locally grown and organic produce | PEAK Singapore https://www.thepeakmagazine.com.sg/lifestyle/austria-fine-dining-restaurants-guide [17] Österreicher befürworten Gänsestopfleber-Verbot - Falstaff https://www.falstaff.com/at/news/oesterreicher-befuerworten-gaensestopfleber-verbot

Persistence of consumption – Despite small domestic production and growing animal‑welfare concerns, Belgium remains one of the world’s heaviest foie‑gras consumers. High per‑capita consumption (≈105 g per person) is sustained by cultural traditions, holiday rituals and a vibrant gastronomic scene[1]. The product symbolises luxury and indulgence; airlines and restaurants use it to showcase Belgian culinary identity[10]. Supply structure vulnerability – Consumption relies overwhelmingly on imports, mainly of raw lobes from France, Hungary and Spain, and processed products; domestic production is declining due to regional bans and activism[2][14]. Supply is vulnerable to avian influenza outbreaks, trade disruptions and regulatory bans on force‑feeding. Belgium’s role as the second‑largest importer means that customs policy or EU standards could influence availability[4]. Pressure points – Activist campaigns have already secured bans in two regions and are challenging Wallonia in court[32]. The cultural narrative of artisanal welfare‑friendly production counters some criticism but may be undermined by footage from industrial farms elsewhere. The growth of plant‑based alternatives like Faux Gras shows that consumers are receptive to ethical substitutes and may shift further if price, availability or social norms change[8]. Global context – Belgium’s high per‑capita consumption and significant imports make it an important market for French, Hungarian and Spanish exporters. As Flanders and possibly Wallonia phase out force‑feeding, Belgium could transition from a small producer to a pure importer and re‑exporter. The market demonstrates how a small, affluent European country sustains foie‑gras demand through tourism, gastronomy and holiday traditions, while simultaneously nurturing opposition movements and ethical alternatives. [1] [2] [20] [24] [27] La production de foie gras, en toute transparence à la ferme de la Sauvenière - SillonBelge.be https://www.sillonbelge.be/6658/article/2020-10-16/la-production-de-foie-gras-en-toute-transparence-la-ferme-de-la-sauveniere [3] [26] Belgium – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/2019/04/25/belgium/ [4] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/020731 [5] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/WLD/product/020731 [6] Belgium Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Forecast & Size https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/belgium-foie-gras-market [7] [12] Discover Belgium's latest food and drink trends https://www.brusselstimes.com/1909551/discover-belgiums-latest-food-and-drink-trends-2 [8] Veggie Foie Gras Delivered from Belgium to Hollande | Wine-Searcher News & Opinion https://www.wine-searcher.com/m/2012/08/veggie-foie-gras-delivered-from-belgium-to-hollande [9] Menu | Brasserie Signature https://brasseriesignature.be/en/our-menu [10] Brussels Airlines serves meals of Julien Lahire https://press.brusselsairlines.com/brussels-airlines-serves-meals-of-belgian-star-chef-julien-lahire [11] Namur top chef Pierre Résimont creates menus for Brussels Airlines https://press.brusselsairlines.com/namur-top-chef-pierre-resimont-creates-menus-for-brussels-airlines [13] [19] [21] [22] [23] [28] Le Foie Gras d'Upignac https://lafermedupignac.be/en_US/le-foie-gras [14] Flemish government bans fur farming and force-feeding for foie gras | Eurogroup for Animals https://www.eurogroupforanimals.org/news/flemish-government-bans-fur-farming-and-force-feeding-foie-gras [15] Christmas without foie gras? Flanders becomes force-feeding-free https://www.brusselstimes.com/339934/christmas-without-foie-gras-flanders-become-force-feeding-free [16] [25] [29] Ban on force-feeding in the Brussels-Capital Region | GAIA https://www.gaia.be/en/news/ban-force-feeding-brussels-capital-region [17] [18] [30] [31] [32] Force-feeding in foie gras production: GAIA launches legal action against the Walloon Region | GAIA https://www.gaia.be/en/news/force-feeding-foie-gras-production-gaia-launches-legal-action-against-walloon-region

Exports drive Bulgaria’s foie‑gras economy. The country produces ~2.6–2.7 thousand tonnes of duck liver annually[1][2] and holds more than a third of world exports of duck liver[6]. Around 88 % of production is exported to France[5]; domestic consumption accounts for <10 % of output. The market is thus extremely vulnerable to international trade policy, EU welfare legislation and demand from France. Domestic consumption is niche and elite. Most Bulgarians have never tried foie gras[7]. Consumption is confined to fine‑dining restaurants in major cities and tourist hotspots, where it is marketed as a luxury experience. Typical portions cost €9–21[10]—affordable for tourists but expensive relative to local incomes. Cultural integration is weak. There is no tradition of foie‑gras consumption[2]; it is perceived as an exotic French delicacy. Restaurants integrate local flavours (rose chutney, fig purée) to create a Bulgarian spin, but these are culinary experiments rather than mass‑market products. Key vulnerabilities and pressure points: (1) EU legislation on force‑feeding—a ban would undermine Bulgarian production and exports, potentially eliminating the domestic supply. (2) Animal‑welfare activism—while domestic consumption is small, activism could influence export markets and encourage retailers in importing countries to boycott force‑fed foie gras. (3) Market dependence on France—any decline in French demand (due to health or welfare concerns) would disproportionately affect Bulgarian producers. (4) Economic inequality—as long as incomes remain low, domestic demand will stay limited; producers may continue to ignore the local market. Position in the global foie‑gras economy. Bulgaria is a mid‑size player in production but a major exporter. Because consumption is marginal, the country’s role is to supply international markets rather than foster a domestic culture of foie‑gras eating. This makes Bulgarian foie gras sensitive to shifts in global demand and regulatory changes, and it suggests that any campaign to reduce consumption should focus on export markets and production practices rather than domestic consumers. [1] Who We Are – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/who-we-are/ [2] [7] [12] [14] %D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D0%B2%20%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_2.pdf https://inteliagro.bg/sites/default/files/free_files/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D0%B2%20%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_2.pdf [3] [9] Foie gras - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie_gras [4] 4 Goods Where Bulgaria is a Leader in Exports in the World | Agroberichten Buitenland https://www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/08/22/4-goods-where-bulgaria-is-a-leader-in-exports-in-the-world [5] Microsoft Word - Foie Gras Factsheet Sept 2010 https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/3818850/foie-gras-factsheet.pdf [6] News | Business support centre for small and medium enterprises https://bscsme.eu/en/news/ [8] French prepare to tuck into festive foie gras (from Bulgaria) https://www.thelocal.fr/20161221/french-prepare-to-tuck-into-foie-gras-made-in-bulgaria [10] Foie gras with green fig purée https://smokini.bg/en/menu/gashi-drob-s-pyure-ot-zeleni-smokini [11] [19] A slow food and slow train trip through Bulgaria | Adventure.com https://adventure.com/off-the-eaten-path-slow-food-bulgaria/ [13] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [15] [16] Bulgaria | Imports and Exports | World | Meat and edible meat offal | Value (US$) and Value Growth, YoY (%) | 2012 - 2023 https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/Bulgaria/02 [17] [21] Bulgaria Concerned over Foie Gras Ban | The Poultry Site https://www.thepoultrysite.com/news/2012/10/bulgaria-concerned-over-foie-gras-ban [18] Меню | Aubergine - Крафт бира и кухня в София https://aubergine.bg/menu/ [20] Петиция за забрана на насилственото угояване на патици и гъски https://stopfoiegras.caai.bg/

Persistence of foie gras consumption. Foie gras persists in Canada primarily because of culinary culture and tourism. French‑Canadian gastronomy values the delicacy, and restaurants use it to signal sophistication. The small but stable production base in Quebec ensures supply, while limited imports from Hungary and France fill specific niches[1]. High tariffs limit competition and maintain high prices.[9] Drivers of consumption. The key drivers are elite dining experiences, chef‑driven menus, festive traditions, and food tourism. The industry relies on relationships with chefs rather than mass consumers[13]. Celebrity chefs and tourism bodies promote foie gras dishes such as APDC’s poutine[6]. Vulnerabilities and pressure points. Ethical concerns over force‑feeding pose the greatest vulnerability. The 2025 parliamentary petition shows that political momentum could lead to legal restrictions, particularly on force‑feeding and importation[11]. The industry’s dependence on a small number of producers and high‑value restaurant sales makes it sensitive to negative publicity and restaurant boycotts. Avian‑influenza outbreaks in Europe can disrupt imports and highlight biosecurity risks. Consumer awareness campaigns and availability of plant‑based “faux gras” could reduce demand. Place in the global foie‑gras economy. Canada is a small player compared with France or Hungary. It consumes roughly 100 tonnes per year – less than one per cent of global production – and produces about 80 tonnes domestically[1]. However, Canada’s proximity to the United States makes it strategically important for firms like Rougié to access the U.S. market from a North‑American base. Any ban on production or import could shift North‑American supply chains and influence global debates on foie gras.

Foie gras consumption in Canada is a niche luxury behaviour centred on Quebec’s culinary tradition and high‑end restaurants. The market consumes about 100 tonnes annually, with roughly 20 tonnes imported and the rest produced by a handful of Quebec farms[1]. Consumption is closely tied to festive dining, chef‑led menus and food tourism, rather than everyday eating. Despite activism and growing ethical scrutiny, no legal ban exists, and the industry continues to market foie gras through narratives of heritage and indulgence. Yet the small size of the market and political pressure present clear vulnerabilities that could reshape Canada’s role in the global foie‑gras economy. [1] [2] [4] [5] [8] [9] [10] [13] [14] Une filière foie gras complète | Des produits Rougié made in Canada | Réussir volailles https://www.reussir.fr/volailles/des-produits-rougie-made-canada [3] [15] [16] The animal health and welfare consequences of foie gras production - PMC https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3595949/ [6] Everything you need to know about poutine | Tourisme Montréal https://www.mtl.org/en/experience/poutine-101 [7] Quebec foie gras terrine – Boucherie Édouard et Léo https://boucherieedouardetleo.com/products/terrine-de-foie-gras [11] Animal Law Digest: Canada Edition: Issue 103: House of Commons Petition Calling for a Ban on Foie Gras Introduced | Brooks Institute https://thebrooksinstitute.org/animal-law-digest/canada/issue-103/house-commons-petition-calling-ban-foie-gras-introduced [12] La Ferme Québec-Oies | Visit Québec City https://www.quebec-cite.com/en/businesses/la-ferme-quebec-oies

Scale and dominance: China has become one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of foie gras, with production exceeding 5 000 tonnes annually in Shandong and a similar volume in Anhui[1][2]. Because imports are virtually zero and exports modest, domestic consumption accounts for most of this production. Market expansion: While foie gras remains a luxury‑occasional food, domestic production has lowered prices by about 40 % compared with imported French foie gras[8][12]. This price drop has allowed consumption to expand from elite restaurants to mid‑range dining and e‑commerce, tapping a 60 million‑strong middle class[9]. Consumer profile: The main consumers are urban elites and middle‑class diners in major cities, with some uptake among tourists and expatriates. Foie gras has not yet become a household staple; consumption peaks during festivals and special occasions. Production‑import nexus: China’s self‑sufficiency in foie gras reduces vulnerability to foreign supply disruptions but exposes producers to fluctuations in domestic demand. Given the negligible import volumes[4], foreign brands have little presence; French producers hoping to enter the market must compete on price and adapt to local tastes. Cultural and policy framing: State media and local governments frame foie gras as a success story of agricultural modernisation, emphasising local innovation and cost‑effectiveness[18]. Animal welfare concerns are largely absent from the public narrative. This suggests that campaigns that highlight cruelty may face cultural resistance but could become a pressure point as Chinese consumers become more conscious of ethical consumption. Weaknesses and vulnerabilities: Demand is tied to economic conditions and discretionary spending. A slowdown in luxury dining or a rise in health concerns could dampen consumption. International criticism of force‑feeding may spill over into China via social media. Domestic producers are exploring product diversification (dumplings, ice‑cream, hot‑pot) to broaden the market[14], but success will depend on consumer acceptance. Global context: China’s shift from luxury‑food importer to major producer means it now influences global foie gras supply and pricing. European producers facing bans see China both as a competitor and a potential market. By dominating the production and consumption of foie gras, China shapes the future of this controversial delicacy. [1] [20] Economic Watch: A Chinese county's culinary journey -- from foie gras to caviar -Xinhua https://english.news.cn/20251128/8714815934944f5e898c1c18192372ba/c.html [2] [12] [16] Foie gras has become a Chinese specialty?｜China's new specialties | Statistics | Fun Fact | Our China Story https://www.ourchinastory.com/en/15061/Foie-gras-has-become-a-Chinese-specialty [3] China Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CHN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [4] China Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CHN/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [5] China Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CHN/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [6] Foie gras finds favor - Chinadaily.com.cn https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202405/13/WS664178fca31082fc043c6bf7.html [7] 英媒有点急：挑战来了，中国又一领域跻身高端市场_种植_樱桃_鱼子酱 https://www.sohu.com/a/968630656_115479 [8] Expanding foie gras market in China and beyond - Chinadaily.com.cn https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202502/21/WS67b7d557a310c240449d6767.html [9] In China, France is Losing its National Dish https://thechinaacademy.org/in-china-france-is-losing-its-national-dish/ [10] County in E China's Shandong produces 20 percent of global foie gras https://cceeccic.org/261156345.html [11] [15] Wild goose chase? France works to rouse China’s appetite for pricey, imported foie gras | South China Morning Post https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3337676/wild-goose-chase-france-works-rouse-chinas-appetite-pricey-imported-foie-gras [13] Once imported, now homegrown: China localizes world food staples - People's Daily Online https://en.people.cn/n3/2025/0619/c98649-20330074.html [14] Premium foie gras goes global from China's mountainous county-Xinhua https://english.news.cn/20240410/eed1eea5608143639eae63c6b7ee66e2/c.html [17] Foie Gras Farms Boom In China, As Forced-Fed Geese Banned Elsewhere - Worldcrunch https://worldcrunch.com/food-travel/foie-gras-farms-boom-in-china-as-forced-fed-geese-banned-elsewhere/ [18] 中国通讯社-Why do new Chinese specialties attract fans all over the world https://www.china-news-online.com/h5/lang/English/4325425.html [19] County in E China's Shandong produces 20 percent of global foie gras - People's Daily Online https://en.people.cn/n3/2025/0702/c98649-20335176.html

Persistence of consumption. Croatian foie gras consumption persists because of tourism and the desire of upscale restaurants to offer cosmopolitan dining experiences. Wealthy locals and travellers willing to pay premium prices sustain the market. The high growth rate reported by 6WResearch (≈13.7 % for 2020‑2024) points to a gradual but small expansion[3]. Reliance on imports. The market is highly vulnerable to supply disruptions. A significant share of imported offal and livers comes from Hungary and neighbouring countries[2]. If major suppliers face production issues or ethical bans, Croatian restaurants will struggle to source foie gras. Niche luxury segment. With negligible per‑capita consumption and no mainstream availability, foie gras is firmly positioned as a niche luxury product in Croatia. It does not compete with other meats on a volume basis, so consumer backlash or price sensitivity has minimal effect on overall food markets. Ethical pressure points. Activism is modest because domestic production is already banned. The most plausible pressure point would be an EU‑wide ban on importing foie gras produced by force‑feeding, which would directly affect Croatian consumption. Absent such regulation, public awareness campaigns could further reduce demand by associating foie gras with animal cruelty. Integration into global foie gras economy. Croatia functions entirely as a consumer market within the global foie gras economy. It imports from major producers and exports nothing. Its market is too small to influence international prices but provides a microcosm of how luxury tourism sustains foie gras consumption even in countries with production bans. [1] [6] Foie gras controversy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie_gras_controversy [2] Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine exports to Croatia |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/HRV/product/020743 [3] Croatia Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Industry & Revenue https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/croatia-foie-gras-market [4] Dubravkin Put – Zagreb - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/zagreb-region/zagreb/restaurant/dubravkin-put [5] clxvr75sk1uf813poegfk8xzs-20240626-pr-michelinguide-croatia-2024.pdf https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/cxf-corporate/attachments/clxvr75sk1uf813poegfk8xzs-20240626-pr-michelinguide-croatia-2024.pdf

Persistence of foie gras consumption. Foie gras remains available in the Czech Republic because it fills a niche: elite diners and tourists seek luxury experiences, and importers supply the market. The ban on production did not significantly reduce consumption because imports from neighbouring countries continue[1]. Tourism and fine‑dining culture sustain demand. Drivers and vulnerabilities. Demand is sustained by culinary curiosity, status signalling, and the availability of imported products. Yet consumption is vulnerable: per‑capita intake is tiny; the product is expensive; and rising ethical awareness could discourage consumers. A future import ban or strong activist campaign could dramatically shrink the market. Substitutes (plant‑based pâtés or “ethical foie gras”) and alternative luxury foods may erode demand[16]. The Czech market’s reliance on a handful of importers and restaurants means that economic downturns or supply disruptions in France or Hungary would immediately affect availability. Global context. Czech consumption is minor on a global scale; imports in 2024 (≈11 t fresh/chilled) are small compared with French domestic production. However, the Czech Republic illustrates how countries that prohibit force‑feeding still participate in the foie gras trade through imports. For global campaigners, Czech consumer demand is a potential pressure point: highlighting the discrepancy between domestic animal‑welfare law and the continued import of foie gras could spur calls for an import ban. Conversely, for suppliers, the Czech market offers limited but steady demand concentrated in Prague’s luxury hospitality sector. [1] Czech Republic Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CZE/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [2] Czech Republic Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2020 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CZE/year/2020/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [3] Czech Republic Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CZE/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [4] Czech Republic Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CZE/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/16022019 [5] Population estimates, structure, and projection | Statistics https://csu.gov.cz/population-estimates-structure-and-projection [6] [8] [11] [16] Czech Republic Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Analysis & Revenue https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/czech-republic-foie-gras-market-outlook [7] Czech Republic Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2021 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CZE/year/2021/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [9] Francouzský gastronomický poklad v českém balení | BusinessInfo.cz https://www.businessinfo.cz/clanky/gastronomicka-lahudka-v-ceskem-baleni/ [10] Prague's Culinary Renaissance | Food & Drink | Goway Travel https://www.goway.com/inspiration/pragues-culinary-renaissance [12] Your Guide to St Martin's Goose Feast in Prague, 2024 ed. — Taste of Prague Food Tours https://www.tasteofprague.com/pragueblog/your-guide-to-st-martins-goose-feast-in-prague-2024-ed [13] 159465 https://edepot.wur.nl/159465 [14] Czech Republic Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/CZE/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [15] Foie gras controversy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie_gras_controversy [17] [18] [19] U Modré kachničky I https://www.umodrekachnicky.cz/en/nebovidska

Marginal consumption – Denmark’s foie gras market is tiny. Imports fell from 36.3 tonnes in 2006 to ~19.8 tonnes in 2016, and there are no indications of growth[1]. A survey indicates that 80 % of Danes do not consume foie gras[1]. The market is limited to elite diners and holiday occasions, making per‑capita consumption negligible. Dependence on imports – Danish law bans force‑feeding, so all foie gras is imported, mainly from France. Denmark has no role in production or re‑export, and imports consist of finished products. The absence of domestic production means that activism and consumer preferences directly influence the volume imported. Retail withdrawal – The exit of supermarket chains in 2014 removed foie gras from mainstream retail[3]. Consumption now occurs mostly in fine‑dining restaurants and gourmet delis. This shift narrows the points of sale and makes the supply chain vulnerable to activist pressure or further restrictions. Cultural contestation – Foie gras is framed as a symbol of luxury but is also widely criticised as cruel. Media and activist narratives dominate; supportive narratives are limited to gourmet circles. The dish retains a French identity rather than integrating into Danish cuisine. Emerging ethical alternatives – Research by the University of Southern Denmark and partners on force‑feeding‑free foie gras and growing availability of plant‑based pâtés could eventually replace traditional foie gras[6]. If commercialised, these products may appeal to ethical consumers and allow restaurants to retain foie gras‑like dishes without controversy. Vulnerability to policy changes – Because consumption is reliant on imports and consumer sentiment is negative, Denmark’s foie gras market is vulnerable. A political decision to ban imports, an EU‑wide ban on force‑feeding, or the introduction of excise taxes could effectively end the market. Conversely, EU trade rules presently prevent such a ban, so consumption persists in small volumes.

Tiny market in a global context. Finland imports roughly 35 kg of fresh/chilled fatty goose or duck livers per year[1] and sells small quantities of canned foie gras and domestic goose liver. This is negligible compared with France or Switzerland, meaning Finland is not a significant contributor to global demand. Per‑capita consumption is orders of magnitude lower than in major markets. Luxury niche sustained by a small elite and tourism. Foie gras is not part of everyday Finnish cuisine; it is consumed mainly by affluent Finns and visitors in high‑end restaurants or purchased from gourmet shops. High prices (over €300/kg[3]) and ethical concerns limit broader uptake. Dependence on imports with ethical domestic alternative. Because force feeding is banned, Finland has no industrial foie gras sector. The only domestic supply comes from farms that let geese fatten naturally[4]. Most classic foie gras comes from imported tins. This supply chain is vulnerable to external shocks (e.g., trade restrictions or disease outbreaks in France/Hungary) but is not economically significant for Finland. Ethical framing as a potential vulnerability and opportunity. Marketing either avoids reference to force‑feeding or emphasizes ethical production[4][3]. Should EU‑wide bans on force feeding or import campaigns gain momentum, Finland’s negligible market could quickly disappear. Conversely, domestically produced ethical goose liver provides a small niche for Finnish farms that might benefit if consumers shift to ethical alternatives. Integration into global luxury economy. Finland’s foie gras market illustrates how luxury foods circulate even in countries where production is outlawed. The delicacy’s presence in Finland is maintained by global distribution networks (French and Hungarian producers, luxury food retailers) and the cultural cachet of French cuisine. However, given the tiny volumes and high ethical sensitivity, Finland’s foie gras consumption is a fragile appendage of the global foie gras economy rather than a driver of it. [1] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country |2019 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2019/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/020731 [2] Foie gras 75g | Finlandia Caviar https://www.finlandiacaviar.fi/product-page/foie-gras [3] [title unknown] https://www.k-ruoka.fi/kauppa/tuote/rougie-hanhenmaksablock-75g-3161450164890 [4] [6] [9] [11] Hanhenmaksa, vaalea - Hauhalan hanhifarmi https://www.hanhifarmi.fi/tuote/hanhen-maksa-vaalea/ [5] [10] Hauhalan Hanhifarmin Hanhenmaksapasteija 115g | S-kaupat ruoan verkkokauppa https://www.s-kaupat.fi/tuote/hauhalan-hanhifarmin-hanhenmaksapasteija-115g/6405530200014 [7] Hanhenmaksa – Wikipedia https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanhenmaksa [8] Hanhenmaksan myyntikieltoa yritetään kumota Kaliforniassa | Yle https://yle.fi/a/3-6077811 [12] Bringing food for private use - Finnish Food Authority https://www.ruokavirasto.fi/en/foodstuffs/instructions-for-consumers/bringing-food-for-private-use/

Resilient but Vulnerable Tradition: Foie gras consumption in France is entrenched; even during severe supply shocks and price spikes, consumers regard it as indispensable for festive occasions. Per‑capita consumption fell from about 170 g in 2021 to 107 g in 2023 but remained significant[1][2]. Recovery in production following avian‑flu vaccination suggests consumption will rebound, but long‑term growth is limited by demographic shifts and health concerns. Concentration of Supply: The market is dominated by a few cooperatives (Euralis, Maïsadour, Labeyrie), which control breeding, processing and marketing. This integration allows rapid adjustments to supply shocks but also concentrates reputational risk: scandals or welfare campaigns against one major brand could influence the entire sector. Seasonal and Symbolic Consumption: Foie gras is primarily a holiday product; 83 % of purchases occur between November and January[2]. Its symbolic role as a marker of celebration makes it resistant to substitution, but also means that consumption can collapse outside the festive season. Increasing Ethical Scrutiny: Municipal bans and activist campaigns reflect growing moral ambivalence, especially among younger urban consumers. While the 2006 heritage law provides legal protection, local bans show that consumption can be curbed in public institutions. Transparency about animal welfare, alternative production methods and labelling may become critical for maintaining legitimacy. Emerging Alternatives: Vegan and cell‑cultured foie gras are in early stages. Polls show that most consumers are not yet ready to switch[23], but supply shortages and municipal bans open niche markets for plant‑based “faux gras.” Companies like Gourmey and Aberyne are developing cultivated foie gras, which could reshape the industry if they achieve regulatory approval and consumer acceptance[28]. Global Context: France remains the reference market for foie gras; domestic consumption, though declining, still represents the majority of global demand. France exports premium products while importing raw livers for processing. Its dominance means that any regulatory or cultural shift within France will influence the global foie gras economy.

Foie gras in France embodies a tension between tradition and ethics. It is revered as part of national heritage and central to holiday meals, yet it is increasingly contested due to concerns over gavage and animal welfare. Domestic consumption remains high but is vulnerable to epidemics, price volatility and changing consumer values. The next decade will likely see continued consolidation among producers, experimentation with “ethical” and plant‑based alternatives, and ongoing debates over the cultural status of this controversial delicacy. [1] [12] FICHE_FILIERE_FOIE_GRAS_2023_2.pdf https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/rdd/documents/FICHE_FILIERE_FOIE_GRAS_2023_2.pdf [2] 20250103_FICHE%20FILIERE%20FOIE%20GRAS%202025%20v2_0.pdf https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/rdd/documents/20250103_FICHE%20FILIERE%20FOIE%20GRAS%202025%20v2_0.pdf [3] 9 Français sur 10 consomment du Foie Gras ! - Fan de Foie Gras https://fandefoiegras.fr/9-francais-sur-10-consomment-du-foie-gras/ [4] Image, usage et attitudes des consommateurs à l'égard du foie gras | FranceAgriMer https://www.franceagrimer.fr/chiffre-et-analyses-economiques/image-usage-et-attitudes-des-consommateurs-legard-du-foie-gras [5] Foie gras, magret, confit… La filière gras est à la fête ! https://www.filieres-avicoles.com/actualites/foie-gras-magret-confit-la-filiere-gras-est-a-la-fete-! [6] En 2024, finies les vaches maigres pour le foie gras - Pleinchamp https://www.pleinchamp.com/actualite/en-2024-finies-les-vaches-maigres-pour-le-foie-gras [7] [22] [27] [28] Foie Gras Bans Gain Momentum in France as Pessac Becomes Latest City to Implement Restrictions  - vegconomist - the vegan business magazine https://vegconomist.com/politics-law/foie-gras-bans-gain-momentum-france-pessac-becomes-latest-city-implement-restrictions/ [8] SYN_VBL_VOL_Image_usage_et_attitudes_foie_gras_2.pdf https://www.franceagrimer.fr/sites/default/files/rdd/documents/SYN_VBL_VOL_Image_usage_et_attitudes_foie_gras_2.pdf [9] Enquête exclusive décembre 2025 https://lefoiegras.fr/le-foie-gras/enquete-exclusive-decembre-2025 [10] [25] [26] Foie Gras : la filière confiante mais prudente et responsable pour une reprise sereine de la production https://lefoiegras.fr/actualites/foie-gras-la-filiere-confiante-mais-prudente-et-responsable-pour-une-reprise-sereine-de-la-production [11] [17] French foie gras back on menus after bird flu spares ducks | Reuters https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-foie-gras-back-menus-after-bird-flu-spares-ducks-2024-03-04/ [13] France’s Foie Gras Industry Struggles to Recover https://uv-vietnam.com/frances-foie-gras-industry-struggles-to-recover [14] [15] [24] DPEF-2022-2023_EN.pdf https://www.euralis.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/DPEF-2022-2023_EN.pdf [16] Maison Delpeyrat https://www.maisadour.com/en/brands/maison-delpeyrat/ [18] HISTORY OF FOIE GRAS – MAGAZINE https://www.caviarpassion.com/en/content/72-histoire-du-foie-gras.html [19] French give foie gras heritage status | News | Al Jazeera https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/10/18/french-give-foie-gras-heritage-status [20] [21] Lyon's official event foie gras ban is 'not a boycott' says Mayor Doucet | Euronews https://www.euronews.com/culture/2021/12/13/lyon-s-official-event-foie-gras-ban-is-not-a-boycott-says-mayor-doucet [23] Paris chef offers vegan alternative to fois gras | The Poultry Site https://www.thepoultrysite.com/news/2022/12/paris-chef-offers-vegan-alternative-to-fois-gras

Persistence of niche demand – Foie gras consumption persists in Germany despite the production ban because importation remains legal and a small group of affluent consumers value its gastronomic prestige. However, trade data show a steady decline in fresh‑liver imports from 41.7 tonnes in 2018 to 22.9 tonnes in 2024[2][6], indicating that the market is shrinking. Reliance on external supply – Germany relies entirely on France and Hungary for supply[13]. This dependence exposes the market to disruptions such as avian influenza outbreaks, trade restrictions, or changes in EU welfare policy. A national import ban, though currently absent, would instantly end legal consumption. Cultural vulnerability – Foie gras is not part of Germany’s culinary heritage; it is perceived as a foreign luxury and is associated with ethical controversy. This makes it easier for restaurants to drop the dish without alienating core clientele, unlike in France. Public support for animal welfare and the absence of cultural attachment are key pressure points for activists. Shift toward substitutes – The emergence of Foie Royale and other gavage‑free or plant‑based alternatives shows that chefs and consumers are looking for ways to enjoy the flavour without the moral dilemma[17]. Adoption of these products could accelerate the decline of traditional foie gras. Global context – Germany is a medium‑sized importer of foie gras in Europe, trailing France, Belgium and Spain. Its imports represent roughly 3–4 % of global trade and are declining. The German market’s weakness underscores how foie gras consumption is confined to a few producing and enthusiast countries, and how ethical concerns can erode demand. [1] Beyond the Law: Agribusiness and the Systemic Abuse of Animals | Animal Legal & Historical Center https://www.animallaw.info/article/beyond-law-agribusiness-and-systemic-abuse-animals [2] Germany Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2018 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/DEU/year/2018/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [3] Germany Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2021 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/DEU/year/2021/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [4] Germany Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2022 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/DEU/year/2022/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [5] [13] Germany Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/DEU/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [6] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/020731 [7] Preparations of animal liver imports by country |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/160220 [8] EUR-Lex - 61996C0184 - EN https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/ [9] [24] No more foie gras at Borchardt after animal rights protest - The Berliner https://www.the-berliner.com/english-news-berlin/no-more-foie-gras-at-borchardt-celebrity-restaurant-after-animal-rights-protest/ [10] [17] [23] Foie Royale: Luxury Without the Baggage Recipe - Great British Chefs https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/features/foie-royale-luxury-without-baggage [11] [12] [14] [18] Germany: Foie Gras Cannot Be Produced, but the Chef Imports It. "It's a Delicacy" | Latest news | Reporter Gourmet S.r.l. https://reportergourmet.com/en/news/6066-germany-foie-gras-cannot-be-produced-but-the-chef-imports-it-it-s-a-delicacy [15] [16] [19] [20] [21] [22] Foie Gras - Repertoire Culinaire https://repertoireculinaire.com/foie-gras/ [25] French outrage as German food fair bans foie gras | France | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/19/france-outrage-germany-foie-gras-ban

Drivers of persistence. Foie gras consumption persists in Hong Kong because of affluent diners, expatriate and tourist demand, and the territory’s role as a gateway for European luxury foods. The absence of domestic production bans and the availability of imports from France, Hungary, China and new cultured‑meat producers allow restaurants to stock the product freely. Prestigious hotels and chefs use foie gras to signify sophistication and attract clientele. Vulnerabilities and pressure points. The market is small and reliant on a handful of importers, making it vulnerable to disruptions in European supply, trade disputes or stricter labeling enforcement. Mislabeling scandals undermine consumer trust and could invite tougher regulation. Animal‑welfare activism, though limited, may gain traction, especially as cultivated foie gras offers an alternative. Global context. Several jurisdictions (e.g., California, New York City) have banned foie gras production or sale; international scrutiny may eventually influence Hong Kong’s policymakers. Hong Kong’s adoption of lab‑grown foie gras positions it as a testbed for ethical luxury foods in Asia. Should consumers embrace cultivated products, traditional foie gras imports could decline over the next decade, aligning consumption with sustainability and animal‑welfare trends. [1] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [2] [3] DownloadReportByFileName https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName [4] Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department - Press Release - Hong Kong Customs seizes duck and goose liver products with suspected false claims (with photos) https://www.customs.gov.hk/en/customs-announcement/press-release/index_id_4016.html [5] Food wholesaler convicted of supplying duck liver with false claims (with photo) https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202411/13/P2024111300420.htm [6] [8] 10 best foie gras dishes in Hong Kong | Localiiz https://www.localiiz.com/post/food-drink-best-foie-gras-dishes-hong-kong [7] Cultured foie gras on the menu in Asia https://globetrender.com/2024/12/03/cultured-foie-gras-on-menu-asia/ [9] Foie gras | Caviar House & Prunier https://www.caviarhouse-prunier.hk/foie-gras [10] Luxury appetites and protectionism bring foie gras production to China https://qz.com/193609/luxury-appetites-and-protectionism-bring-foie-gras-production-to-china [11] International fine food importer and distributor expands with new retail business in Hong Kong | InvestHK https://www.investhk.gov.hk/en/news/international-fine-food-importer-and-distributor-expands-new-retail-business-hong-kong/ [12] Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department - Press Release - Food retailer convicted of supplying and in possession of duck liver with false claims (with photo) https://www.customs.gov.hk/en/customs-announcement/press-release/index_id_4365.html [13] The Ban of Foie Grass – Budding Writers 少年筆耕 https://www.carmelss.edu.hk/buddingwriters/archives/5322 [14] Press Release - Duck foie gras product from France may contain glass fragments https://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/press/20210728_8810.html

Persistence of consumption. Hungary’s foie gras consumption persists because of deep cultural roots, national pride and tourism. The product’s inclusion on the Hungarikum list bolsters its symbolic value and shields it from external criticism. Export revenues, rather than domestic demand, sustain the industry; domestic consumption, though small, is maintained by elites and festive traditions. Drivers of consumption. Culture and heritage drive local consumption: goose liver is tied to St Martin’s Day, Christmas and the notion of prosperity. Tourism and gastronomy expose foreign visitors to Hungarian foie gras and encourage consumption in restaurants. Price and rarity ensure that it remains a luxury, appealing to status‑seeking consumers. Ignorance or indifference to animal‑welfare concerns among the general public means there is little ethical pushback. Vulnerabilities and pressure points. The export‑led market is vulnerable to trade disruptions, disease outbreaks, EU‑level welfare legislation and shifting consumer attitudes abroad. Bird‑flu epidemics have already reduced stock by a third[10] and increased prices[8]. A successful EU ban on force‑feeding would curtail production and could either force Hungary to adopt non‑gavage alternatives or exit the market. Domestic demand is price‑sensitive and could erode if economic conditions worsen. Position within the global economy. Hungary is pivotal in the global foie gras economy—the world’s leading producer of goose foie gras and a major exporter to France, Belgium and Japan[9][14]. The country’s role as a supplier of kosher foie gras further underscores its unique position[14]. Despite this prominence, domestic consumption is modest; Hungarian foie gras is produced primarily for the global market. [1] Hungary – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/2019/04/25/hungary/ [2] The production – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/the-production/ [3] Hiába csökken a vásárlóerő, idén is elfogy a libamáj https://www.agronaplo.hu/20231103/hiaba-csokken-a-vasarloero-iden-is-elfogy-a-libamaj-45892 [4] Magyarország, az utolsó mohikán: lassan már csak nálunk készül ez a finomság - Vince https://vince.hu/falatok/hizott-libamaj-kenyszertomes-eu/ [5] A hazai fogyasztás lendíthetné fel a libamájágazatot – agribusiness.hu https://agribusiness.hu/a-hazai-fogyasztas-lendithetne-fel-a-libamajagazatot/ [6] [7] Horror áron mérik 2025-ben a magyarok kedvenc őszi-téli csemegéjét: igazi luxus, kilónként 23 ezerért https://www.penzcentrum.hu/vasarlas/20251106/horror-aron-merik-2025-ben-a-magyarok-kedvenc-oszi-teli-csemegejet-igazi-luxus-kilonkent-23-ezerert-1188244 [8] Luxuscikké vált ez a novemberben népszerű élelmiszer: horror ára lett - Terasz | Femina https://femina.hu/terasz/libamaj-ar-november/ [9] Hungary Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/HUN/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [10] Is the Hungarian goose still on its feet https://www.tridge.com/news/is-the-hungarian-goose-still-on-its-feet [11] Hungarian cuisine - Budapest Travel Tips https://budapest-travel-tips.com/dining/hungarian-cuisine/ [12] 5dcfd4162dc101a09966fe41851ae1abf0e95c2.pdf https://visithungary.com/documents/5/5d/5dc/5dcfd4162dc101a09966fe41851ae1abf0e95c2.pdf [13] MICHELIN Guide Budapest: A guide to Hungarian cuisine – and where to find the best of it https://guide.michelin.com/ie/en/article/travel/michelin-guide-budapest-a-guide-to-hungarian-cuisine-and-where-to-find-the-best-of-it-copy1 [14] Hungary is Europe’s unlikely leader in kosher foie gras production. That gives Viktor Orban an advantage. - Jewish Telegraphic Agency https://www.jta.org/2021/12/14/global/hungary-is-europes-unlikely-leader-in-kosher-foie-gras-production-to-viktor-orbans-advantage [15] St. Martin's Day in Hungary: A guide to traditions and superstitions https://dailynewshungary.com/st-martins-day-in-hungary-traditions/ [16] Gourmets, head to McDonald’s! - Trademagazin https://trademagazin.hu/en/inyencek-irany-a-meki/ [17] [20] [25] [26] Foie Gras Partners | THE COMPANY https://foie-gras-partners.com/en/ [18] Liver Ltd. - About us https://www.liver.hu/about.html [19] [24] Factory https://integralzrt.hu/en/factory [21] Force-feeding for foie gras: new investigation reveals this inhumane practice still occurs in the EU, despite high sanctions in most Member States | Eurogroup for Animals https://www.eurogroupforanimals.org/news/force-feeding-foie-gras-new-investigation-reveals-inhumane-practice-still-occurs-eu-despite [22] [27] Paprika, Foie Gras, and Red Mud: The Politics of Materiality in the European Union by Zsuzsa Gille – EuropeNow https://www.europenowjournal.org/2017/07/17/paprika-foie-gras-and-red-mud-the-politics-of-materiality-in-the-european-union/ [23] The Eater’s Guide to Hungarikums - Taste Hungary https://tastehungary.com/journal/the-eaters-guide-to-hungarikums/

Niche market with limited scale. Ireland’s foie‑gras consumption is minuscule relative to global demand. Import figures for duck/goose offal (HS 020743) are modest—roughly 254 t in 2023[3]—and actual foie‑gras volumes are likely only a fraction of this. Consumption occurs almost exclusively in a handful of high‑end restaurants in Dublin. Per‑capita exposure is negligible, so political risk to a ban is low. Dependency on EU imports. With production banned, Ireland relies entirely on imported foie gras[9]. The main suppliers are Germany and France[3]. Any EU‑level restriction on force‑fed products would immediately cut off supply. Brexit allows Great Britain to consider import bans; similar action in Ireland would require EU coordination, but activism may push for national measures. Vulnerabilities. Because consumption is confined to a few restaurants, campaigns targeting those establishments can significantly reduce demand. Leinster House’s ban and activist success in persuading restaurants to remove foie gras demonstrate that reputational pressure is effective. If even a small number of high‑profile chefs adopt plant‑based alternatives, foie‑gras visibility could decline rapidly. Role in global market. Ireland is a tiny player in the global foie‑gras economy. Its import volumes are dwarfed by those of France, Belgium and Spain[19]. Nevertheless, as a country that bans production but allows imports, Ireland illustrates the contradictions in European foie‑gras regulation. Activist successes in this small market could influence broader European debates.

Foie gras in Ireland occupies a symbolic niche rather than a mainstream food category. Domestic production is illegal, and consumption is limited to the luxury dining sector in Dublin. Import data suggest that Ireland brings in modest quantities of duck/goose offal worth roughly €1.7 million annually[3], but actual foie‑gras consumption is much smaller. High prices, ethical controversy and limited availability confine the product to affluent patrons seeking French culinary experiences. Activist campaigns have successfully pressured institutions and some restaurants to eschew foie gras, indicating that the market’s continued existence is fragile. Given the small scale and dependence on imports, Ireland’s foie‑gras consumption could disappear if EU trade rules change or if social pressure intensifies. [1] [11] AIMS Portal https://aims.niassembly.gov.uk/questions/printquestionsummary.aspx [2] Where is Foie Gras Actually Banned? https://www.finedininglovers.com/explore/articles/foie-gras-where-it-actually-banned [3] Ireland Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/IRL/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020743 [4] [9] [15] [16] [18] Foie Gras - NARA https://www.naracampaigns.org/foie-gras/ [5] [14] Dinner | Chapter One Restaurant https://chapteronerestaurant.com/dinner/ [6] La Maison | French Restaurant Dublin https://lamaisondublin.com/ [7] [8] Why Restaurant Patrick Guilbaud is a must-visit in Dublin | Dish Cult | Dish Cult https://www.dishcult.com/articles/why-restaurant-patrick-guilbaud-is-a-must-visit-in-dublin [10] Meat and edible offal: of geese, fatty livers (foie gras), fresh or chilled (HS: 020753) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers | The Observatory of Economic Complexity https://oec.world/en/profile/hs/meat-and-edible-offal-of-geese-fatty-livers-foie-gras-fresh-or-chilled [12] Food Imports for Personal Use | Food Safety Authority of Ireland https://www.fsai.ie/consumer-advice/food-imports-for-personal-use [13] [17] Leinster House, Home of Irish Parliament, is Foie Gras-Free! https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/leinster-house-home-irish-parliament-foie-gras-free/ [19] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country |2019 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2019/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/020731

Persisting niche consumption – Although domestic production ceased, foie gras persists in Israel as a niche luxury item. Consumption is limited to affluent diners, tourists and, since 2020, observant Jews seeking kosher‑certified goose liver. Reliance on imports – Israel relies almost entirely on imports, mainly from Hungary. This creates vulnerabilities: supply disruptions, trade disputes or further animal‑welfare restrictions could easily curtail availability. Ethical and political pressure – Animal‑welfare activism, broad public opposition to force‑feeding[15] and rising legislative initiatives mean that the social licence for foie gras is tenuous. Any future scandal or viral investigation could prompt a complete ban. Kosher certification as a marketing tool – The Chief Rabbinical Council’s approval of glatt‑kosher foie gras shows how religious endorsement can legitimize consumption and expand the customer base. However, stricter requirements also increase costs and may limit supply. Cultural ambivalence – Foie gras occupies a complicated place in Israeli culture—linked to Jewish culinary history yet associated with modern luxury and controversy. For many Israelis, it is a symbolic indulgence rather than a staple. Potential shift to alternatives – With advancements in cultivated foie gras and plant‑based pâtés, Israel—known for its tech and vegan innovation—could become an early adopter of cruelty‑free substitutes. Such products would address ethical concerns while satisfying culinary demand.

Persistence of consumption: Foie gras persists in Italy despite the production ban because it occupies a niche luxury market. Imports from France and Hungary ensure supply, and domestic processors like Jolanda de Colò add value through terrines and torchons[16]. Wealthy locals and tourists sustain demand through fine‑dining restaurants and gourmet shops. Drivers of consumption: The product’s appeal stems from culinary prestige (association with haute cuisine, Rossini dishes) and tourism. Chefs use foie gras to signal sophistication and tradition. Without consumer demand from high‑income diners and foreign tourists, the market would shrink. Vulnerabilities: The market is vulnerable to activism and regulation. All major supermarkets dropped foie gras due to activist pressure[10], reducing exposure. Italy’s consumption represents only ≈1 % of France’s[8][9], making the market small and potentially expendable. An EU‑wide ban on force‑feeding would likely halt imports, and continued moral scrutiny could persuade more chefs to remove foie gras from menus. Position in the global economy: Italy is a minor consumer in the global foie gras economy. Its ban on production aligns it with Northern European countries advocating for higher welfare standards, yet it still imports from producing countries. Italy’s role is primarily that of a luxury end‑market, demonstrating how global supply chains deliver controversial foods to niche consumers even where production is outlawed. [1] Dlgs 146/2001 https://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/01146dl.htm [2] Italy Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ITA/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [3] Italy Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2022 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ITA/year/2022/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [4] Italy Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2021 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ITA/year/2021/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [5] Italy Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2020 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ITA/year/2020/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [6] Italy Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2019 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ITA/year/2019/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [7] Italy Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ITA/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [8] Foie gras: le voci contro l’alimentazione forzata in Europa https://animalequality.it/news/2024/05/06/voci-contro-alimentazione-forzata-foie-gras/ [9] Foie gras, per il 74% dei francesi è inaccettabile. Ma la Francia resta il primo produttore al mondo - WineNews https://winenews.it/it/foie-gras-per-il-74-dei-francesi-e-inaccettabile-ma-la-francia-resta-il-primo-produttore-al-mondo_524214/ [10] Victory! All Italian supermarkets say no to foie gras https://www.essereanimali.org/en/2021/02/victory-italian-supermarkets-say-no-to-foie-gras/ [11] [21] Foie gras: stop alla vendita in tutti i supermercati italiani - VEGANOK https://www.veganok.com/foie-gras-stop-alla-vendita-in-tutti-i-supermercati-italiani/ [12] Foie gras: una tortura ancora lecita? https://ilfattoalimentare.it/foie-gras-tortura-lecita.html [13] Menu - OSTERIA FRANCESCANA https://osteriafrancescana.it/menu/ [14] Our Menus https://www.clubdeldoge.com/our-menus [15] Viaggio nei sapori di Bologna al Majestic | Grand Hotel Majestic - Hotel 5 stelle Lusso https://grandhotelmajestic.duetorrihotels.com/it/hotel-5-stelle-lusso-bologna-italia/viaggio-nei-sapori-di-bologna-al-majestic [16] [17] CATALOGO-JdC-2020-per-web.pdf https://www.jolandadecolo.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CATALOGO-JdC-2020-per-web.pdf [18] Demar Alimentari Srl https://www.demaralimentari.it/ [19] Croccantino di foie gras - Italia a Tavola https://www.italiaatavola.net/articolo.aspx [20] «Mai più animali sfruttati per il foie gras, l’Italia conduca la battaglia» | Corriere.it https://www.corriere.it/scienze-ambiente/24_marzo_03/mai-piu-animali-sfruttati-il-foie-gras-l-italia-conduca-battaglia-c1562ac8-d976-11ee-8821-7991a0cc0deb.shtml

Persistently declining consumption – Imports have collapsed from over 250 tonnes in 2008 to under 10 tonnes in 2024[3]. Per‑capita consumption is negligible, and trends show no recovery. The decline correlates with sanitary shocks (avian flu), reduced tourism during the pandemic, growing animal‑welfare awareness and corporate reluctance to court controversy. Elite niche sustained by luxury dining – Foie gras persists because it symbolizes Western luxury and indulgence. Upscale restaurants and hotels continue to serve it to wealthy locals and tourists, but volumes remain tiny. With domestic production ceased and imports limited, the product’s exclusivity may even enhance its cachet. Cultural vulnerability and ethical pressure – Consumer protests led a major convenience chain (FamilyMart) to cancel its foie gras bento[8]. Fast‑food chains have replaced foie gras with grafoie (chicken‑liver pate)[9], and vegan or cultured alternatives are gaining traction[15][16]. These developments reveal that the cultural legitimacy of force‑fed foie gras is weakening, creating reputational risk for brands that continue to serve it. Supply fragility – Japan relies entirely on imports; supply is vulnerable to avian‑influenza outbreaks, trade suspensions and changing European regulations. The 2023 ban on French poultry caused supply shortages[4]. Importers are diversifying sources (Thailand, Hungary, Spain), but volumes remain tiny and price volatility is high[18]. Global context – Japan’s foie gras market is minuscule compared with those of France or even China. Its steep decline contrasts with the global market, which remains stable or modestly growing due to demand in Asia (particularly China). Japan thus plays a marginal role in the global foie gras economy. Opportunities for ethical alternatives – Japanese startups are at the forefront of cultured foie gras development[16], and plant‑based producers have already sold hundreds of thousands of servings[15]. Consumers looking for luxury experiences without ethical baggage may adopt these alternatives. Companies exporting to Japan should monitor this shift and consider offering ethical options.

Foie gras consumption in Japan has transformed from a luxury fad to a shrinking niche. Import volumes have fallen by more than 95 % in fifteen years[3], and per‑capita consumption is now almost negligible. The market survives thanks to fine‑dining restaurants, luxury hotels and affluent tourists, but it faces supply fragility, ethical challenges and competition from vegan and cultured alternatives. Companies still serving foie gras in Japan must balance tradition against growing animal‑welfare scrutiny and embrace a transition toward more sustainable indulgences. [1] [10] [11] フランス鴨の父 桑原シェフ 青森ジャパンフォアグラ社が育てるバルバリー種の鴨｜dancyu.com（ダンチュウドットコム） https://www.dancyu.com/user/collection/879 [2] [3] フォアグラ輸入量1万キロを下回る。フォアグラは終わりの時代。代替も多数| 畜産動物たちに希望を Hope For Animals｜鶏、豚、牛などのアニマルウェルフェア、ヴィーガンの情報サイト https://www.hopeforanimals.org/animal-welfare/foie-gras-imports-fall-below-10000-kg/ [4] Japan Bans Foie Gras Imports From France As Mass Bird Flu Vaccinations Commence | by Unseen Japan | Medium https://unseenjapan.medium.com/japan-bans-foie-gras-imports-from-france-as-mass-bird-flu-vaccinations-commence-5ba0bc02f52d [5] 輸入統計品目表（2類） https://www.customs.go.jp/english/tariff/2025_01_01/data/e_02.htm [6] DownloadReportByFileName https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName [7] Tokyo-Foie Gras - Reviews, Photos & Phone Number - Updated January 2026 - French Restaurants in Chiyoda, Japan - Wheree https://tokyo-foie-gras.wheree.com/ [8] FamilyMart pulls foie gras bento following protests | In Other News https://www.tokyoweekender.com/food-and-drink/familymart-pulls-foie-gras-bento-following-protests/ [9] ＼進化する五代目神戸牛バーガー特別企画／まるでフォアグラ！鶏レバーを有効活用した“グラフォア”使用の神戸牛グラフォアバーガー新発売 | 株式会社フレッシュネスのプレスリリース https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000166.000026945.html [12] [13] [18] Japan Frozen Duck Cuts and Offal imports research and market projections https://gtaic.ai/market-reports/frozen-duck-cuts-and-offal-market-japan-forecast-in-2026 [14] Foie Gras ｜ KOINUMA Co., Ltd ｜ Truffles, Caviar, Foie gras https://en.koinuma-japan.com/type/foie-gras [15] Dr. Foods and Next Meats Eye US Market Entry with Vegan Alternatives to World's Top 3 Delicacies - vegconomist - the vegan business magazine https://vegconomist.com/company-news/dr-foods-next-meats-eye-us-market-entry-vegan-alternatives-worlds-top-delicacies/ [16] IntegriCulture produces the world’s first cell-cultured foie gras without any serum or growth factor- After a sensory evaluation meeting with chefs in late February, the company aims to scale production by the end of 2023 - Integriculture https://integriculture.com/en_news/research/652/ [17] 輸入統計品目表（2類） https://www.customs.go.jp/tariff/2020_4/data/j_02.htm

Persistence of consumption – Luxembourg’s foie gras consumption persisted despite the production ban because the country relies entirely on imports from France and Belgium. Affluent diners, French expatriates and tourists sustain demand. Foie gras is associated with festive luxury, cultural identity and culinary tourism. Its presence in Michelin‑starred restaurants and gourmet retail channels indicates that it remains part of the country’s culinary offering. Drivers of consumption – French cultural influence, cross‑border tourism, and a wealthy population underpin demand. Chefs market foie gras as a symbol of tradition and craftsmanship, while retailers offer affordable prepared products for holiday celebrations. There is no domestic industry lobbying against restrictions, so the main pressure to continue selling foie gras comes from consumer preference and hospitality businesses. Vulnerabilities and pressure points – The market is small and dependent on imports; thus it is vulnerable to EU‑wide bans or higher tariffs. Ethical concerns are slowly gaining traction, as seen in Luxembourg’s strict animal‑protection law and interest in kinder foie gras[25]. Rising vegetarian and vegan lifestyles may further reduce demand. Given that per‑capita consumption is low (~25 g of fresh liver and ~200 g of prepared liver per year), the market could contract rapidly if public opinion shifts or if ethical alternatives become available. Global context – Luxembourg is a small but relatively high‑ranking importer (10th largest in 2023)[7]. Its consumption fits into the broader global pattern where France remains the dominant producer and consumer while small affluent countries import limited quantities for elite dining. The market’s dependence on French supply ties it closely to developments in French and EU legislation on foie gras. Any European ban on force‑feeding or imports would likely end Luxembourg’s foie gras consumption. [1] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/020731 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Fresh/Chilled Fatty Livers (Geese, Ducks) in Luxembourg Trade | The Observatory of Economic Complexity https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/freshchilled-fatty-livers-geese-ducks/reporter/lux [8] Luxembourg Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2018 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/LUX/year/2018/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [9] Luxembourg Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2020 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/LUX/year/2020/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [10] Luxembourg Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2021 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/LUX/year/2021/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [11] ING_sondaggio_benessere.pdf https://www.slowfood.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ING_sondaggio_benessere.pdf [12] [13] The Gastronomical Experience Of Auberge de la Klauss - Silicon Luxembourg https://www.siliconluxembourg.lu/the-gastronomical-experience-of-auberge-de-la-klauss/ [14] Bonifas / French cuisine / Nospelt Kehlen https://www.bonifas.lu/en/ [15] Menu - La Lorraine - Luxembourg https://www.lalorraine-restaurant.lu/en/menus/ [16] Christmas & Seasonal Activities You Can Find in Luxembourg (Updated 2022) - luxcitizenship.com https://www.luxcitizenship.com/christmas-seasonal-activities-in-luxembourg/ [17] Takeaway meals - Le Gourmet https://legourmet.lu/en/take-away-food/ [18] luxcaddy - Duck Foie Gras Parmentier https://luxcaddy.lu/en/products/26625/duck-foie-gras-parmentier [19] Le gavage interdit à travers le monde | L214 https://www.l214.com/stop-cruaute/le-gavage-interdit-a-travers-le-monde-2/ [20] Luxembourg Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/LUX/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [21] Liste-produits-ETO-2021-hors-sesame.pdf https://securite-alimentaire.public.lu/content/dam/securite_alimentaire/fr/actualites/alertes/incidents/liste-produits-eto-2021-hors-s%C3%A9same/2021/Liste-produits-ETO-2021-hors-sesame.pdf [22] [23] Menu – Restaurant – Wäistuff Leuck https://www.restaurant-waistuff.lu/en/menu [24] Le Plëss – Luxembourg - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/luxembourg/luxembourg/restaurant/pless [25] Hopes to bring 'kinder foie gras' to market: Faux gras? Scientists craft 'more ethical' version of French delicacy - RTL Today https://today.rtl.lu/news/science-and-environment/faux-gras-scientists-craft-more-ethical-version-of-french-delicacy-2288567 [26] Land of boeuf bourguignon faces wrath of 'veganistan' activists | Luxembourg Times https://www.luxtimes.lu/europeanunion/land-of-boeuf-bourguignon-faces-wrath-of-veganistan-activists/1309257.html [27] Animal protection in Luxembourg - The Luxembourg Government https://gouvernement.lu/en/dossiers/2018/tierschutz.html

Persistence despite near‑elimination: Foie gras consumption in Norway persists at an extremely low level because a small number of fine‑dining restaurants and affluent consumers still demand it. Imports of 20–24 kg per year support this niche. The product’s status as a luxury delicacy and a marker of sophistication sustains a residual demand. What sustains consumption: Cultural capital and tourism are the main drivers. Wealthy Norwegians and international tourists may seek foie gras as part of a gourmet experience. Some chefs continue to feature it to signal adherence to French fine‑dining tradition. The absence of a legal import ban allows this niche market to persist. Vulnerabilities and pressure points: The market is highly vulnerable to activism and reputational risk. The 2013–14 boycotts by grocery chains demonstrate how consumer pressure can eliminate availability in mainstream retail. If activists succeed in persuading the remaining fine‑dining establishments to drop foie gras or if Norway adopts an import ban similar to those enacted in India or the UK, the market could disappear. High prices and limited supply also constrain expansion. Position in the global foie‑gras economy: Norway is an insignificant player in global foie‑gras trade. The country imports less than a quarter of a tonne of foie gras annually, mainly from France and the EU[2]. It therefore has no influence on global demand or pricing. From a business perspective, Norway is not a growth market; producers may find better opportunities elsewhere. From an ethical perspective, Norway exemplifies how strong animal‑welfare norms and voluntary boycotts can marginalise a controversial product without formal import bans. [1] [6] [7] [8] Foie gras campaign in Norway - Dyrevernalliansen https://dyrevern.no/dyrevern/foie-gras-campaign-in-norway/ [2] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Norway |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/NOR/product/020731 [3] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Norway |2022 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2022/tradeflow/Exports/partner/NOR/product/020731 [4] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Norway |2020 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2020/tradeflow/Exports/partner/NOR/product/020731 [5] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to Norway |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/NOR/product/020731 [9] Top 7 restaurants with foie gras in Oslo, january 2026 - Restaurant Guru https://restaurantguru.com/foie-gras-Oslo-m5838 [10] Halvar Ellingsen | Culinary Ambassador | Hurtigruten US https://www.hurtigruten.com/en-us/about-us/norways-coastal-kitchen/halvar-ellingsen [11] [12] Grocery stores boycott foie gras | Norway's News in English — www.newsinenglish.no https://www.newsinenglish.no/2014/01/20/grocery-stores-boycott-foie-gras/ [13] NORDIC TAPAS BOX 'Foie gras' of the ocean – FANGST https://fangst.com/products/tapas-box-foie-gras-of-the-ocean [14] [15] EFTA-TH - Annex IV - Tariff Schedule Norway https://www.efta.int/sites/default/files/uploads/2025-01/EFTA-TH_-_Annex_IV_-_Tariff_Schedule_Norway.pdf

Why foie gras persists.Foie gras consumption in the Philippines persists because it satisfies the aspirational dining needs of a growing affluent class and tourism sector. Luxury hotels and cosmopolitan chefs use it to signal sophistication, and importers ensure a steady supply. The absence of domestic production means there is no local industry at stake, and general meat import regulations suffice, so there is little political impetus for a ban. Drivers of demand.Demand is sustained by hospitality‑sector prestige, the desire for unique dining experiences, and the availability of imported French brands. Fusion dishes—sinigang, sisig and adobo with foie gras—have broadened its appeal to adventurous Filipino diners while still retaining exclusivity. Vulnerabilities.The market’s main vulnerabilities are its small size and reliance on imports. Any tightening of import regulations or public outcry over animal welfare could reduce availability. The high price makes consumption sensitive to economic downturns; during recessions, luxury dining may contract. Activist campaigns, though limited, could gain traction as awareness grows. Place in the global foie‑gras economy.The Philippines is a minor but growing importer, purchasing only 49 tonnes in 2019[1]. Its consumption is negligible compared with major markets but reflects broader trends in Asia, where rising affluence supports niche demand. Because production is overseas, any global shifts in foie‑gras regulation or supply will directly affect Philippine availability. [1] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [2] Philippines Population (2026) - Worldometer https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/ [3] [12] Santi’s and the revolution in quality foreign ingredients | Lifestyle.INQ | Lifestyle.INQ https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/155112/santis-and-the-revolution-in-quality-foreign-ingredients/ [4] [title unknown] https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-and-tourism/2015/03/06/1430372/luxurious-foie-gras-prince-albert [5] [20] [24] A pilgrimage to the Mecca of foie gras | Philstar.com https://www.philstar.com/other-sections/starweek-magazine/2014/11/02/1386995/pilgrimage-mecca-foie-gras [6] [title unknown] https://barrelsandbeyondph.com/products/ernest-soulard-foie-gras-whole [7] [11] Foie Gras Cooking Demonstration by Rougie - When In Manila https://www.wheninmanila.com/foie-gras-cooking-demonstration-by-rougie/ [8] [15] [16] [17] [19] [25] 18 Foie Gras Dishes for When You Wanna Get Fancy | Booky https://booky.ph/blog/foie-gras-dishes/ [9] [23] No more foie gras whether hot or cold! | Philstar.com https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2019/01/12/1884331/no-more-foie-gras-whether-hot-or-cold [10] Foie Gras / Fattened Duck Liver - Market Manila https://www.marketmanila.com/archives/foie-gras-fattened-duck-liver [13] Foie gras ‘sisig,’ lobster tempura ‘sinigang’–in Nobu Manila, 8 inspired courses over 4 hours | Lifestyle.INQ | Lifestyle.INQ https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/236126/foie-gras-sisig-lobster-tempura-sinigang-in-nobu-manila-8-inspired-courses-over-4-hours/ [14] Adobo with foie gras and other Filipino classics reimagined | Lifestyle.INQ | Lifestyle.INQ https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/390737/adobo-with-foie-gras-and-other-filipino-classics-reimagined/ [18] An evening made perfect | Philstar.com https://www.philstar.com/other-sections/newsmakers/2019/01/11/1883946/evening-made-perfect [21] [22] Foie Gras: Animal Cruelty Exposed https://www.petaasia.com/issues/food/foie-gras/

Niche and vulnerable market: Foie‑gras consumption in Poland is extremely small relative to the size of the poultry sector. With domestic production banned, supply depends on imports. Even modest import volumes (approx. 0.56 million kg of animal‑liver preparations) represent an upper bound; actual foie‑gras consumption is likely a fraction of this. High prices and ethical concerns limit its appeal. Sustained by luxury demand: Consumption is sustained by elite and tourist demand, the allure of French gastronomy and the association with luxury. Gourmet shops and restaurants position foie gras as an indulgent treat for special occasions. Key vulnerabilities: The absence of domestic production means the market could be disrupted by import restrictions or activist pressure. Animal‑welfare campaigns are effective in persuading restaurants to drop foie gras[16]. Growing interest in ethical and sustainable foods may encourage retailers to shift towards high‑welfare or plant‑based alternatives[21]. Negative publicity surrounding force‑feeding could further shrink the market. Fit in global foie‑gras economy: Poland plays no role as a producer but serves as a small import market. It is, however, a major exporter of non‑force‑fed goose meat and offal[5], supplying markets like Germany and France. Its domestic ban demonstrates that foie‑gras production is not essential even for a country with a strong goose‑breeding industry. The Polish case underscores the tension between culinary luxury and animal welfare and shows that high‑income niches can sustain consumption despite production prohibitions. [1] Poland - Cruelty - Polish Animal Protection Act | Animal Legal & Historical Center https://www.animallaw.info/statute/poland-cruelty-polish-animal-protection-act [2] 159465 https://edepot.wur.nl/159465 [3] Preparations of animal liver imports by country |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/160220 [4] Poland Preparations of animal liver exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/POL/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [5] [13] Polish geese fly out into the world | Agroberichten Buitenland https://www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl/actueel/nieuws/2024/03/12/polish-geese-fly-out-into-the-world [6] [21] Poland Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Trends & Forecast https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/poland-foie-gras-market-outlook [7] [15] [17] [25] [29] Goose Foie gras https://bbq.pl/gb/goose/goose-foie-gras [8] Rougie Foie gras - Vinoteka 13 https://vinoteka13.pl/pl/produkt/rougie-foie-gras-1121 [9] [26] [27] Foie Gras z Gęsi - Obrigado https://obrigado.pl/sklep/foie-gras-z-gesi [10] Foie Gras z Kaczki - Obrigado https://obrigado.pl/sklep/foie-gras-z-kaczki [11] [18] [19] [20] [22] [24] Foie Gras – francuski delikates klasy premium | Winnica.pl https://winnica.pl/pl/57-foie-gras [12] [23] Polish Food 101 ‒ Goose | #lifestyle & opinion | Culture.pl https://culture.pl/en/work/polish-food-101-goose [14] Poland Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/POL/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020743 [16] [28] Magda Gessler w ogniu krytyki za kontrowersyjne danie w menu U Fukiera | Party.pl https://party.pl/newsy/zagrozili-ze-przyjda-pod-drzwi-restauracji-magdy-gessler-nie-miala-wyboru/ [30] Manifesto for the Abolition of Foie Gras https://stop-foie-gras.com/en/index.php

Small but resilient niche. Foie gras consumption in Qatar is a tiny part of the food economy, focused on luxury hospitality. Demand persists because high‑end restaurants use foie gras to signal sophistication. As long as tourism and high‑end dining thrive, the niche is likely to survive despite ethical controversies. Import dependence and vulnerability. With no domestic production and declining import volumes after 2010[3], Qatar’s foie gras supply depends on international exporters. Outbreaks of avian disease, trade restrictions, or campaigns against force‑feeding could quickly disrupt supply. The market is also sensitive to economic downturns that affect luxury dining. Religious and ethical pressure points. Halal certification allows foie gras to be marketed to Muslim consumers, but the practice is contested even within Islamic circles[9]. Should religious authorities or influential clerics criticise foie gras, or should public awareness of force‑feeding increase (as in the Qatar Tribune opinion piece[22]), demand could decline. Animal‑welfare activists may target the Gulf as one of the last growth markets for foie gras. Potential substitutes. Plant‑based “faux gras” or liver pâtés could find a niche if chefs in Doha embrace ethical alternatives. Given the tiny scale of the current market, introducing such products might appeal to environmentally and ethically conscious diners while avoiding religious controversy. Integration into global foie gras economy. Qatar’s role is primarily as a destination market for imported foie gras. The country is not a major importer; imports are small compared with European and North American markets. However, Qatar’s luxury hospitality sector demonstrates how foie gras remains embedded in global fine‑dining culture even in regions without production. This underscores the global nature of foie gras supply chains and the challenges of regulating an industry that operates across cultural and regulatory jurisdictions.

Foie gras in Qatar exists at the margins of the country’s food system—an indulgent delicacy enjoyed by affluent diners in high‑end restaurants and hotels. The market is niche and reliant on imports; precise consumption data are lacking, but available evidence shows negligible domestic production and declining import volumes. Despite ethical concerns about force‑feeding, foie gras’s association with luxury and cosmopolitan dining sustains its presence. Religious considerations have led to the emergence of halal‑certified foie gras, yet this remains controversial and does not significantly expand the consumer base. Looking ahead, the sustainability of foie gras consumption in Qatar will depend on the continued prosperity of the luxury hospitality sector, the resilience of supply chains, and the evolving attitudes of consumers and religious authorities toward animal welfare and culinary traditions. [1] [2] Qatar Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Trends, Outlook & Forecast https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/qatar-foie-gras-market-outlook [3] [11] Qatar's Prepared or Preserved Goose or Duck Liver Market Report 2026 - Prices, Size, Forecast, and Companies https://www.indexbox.io/store/qatar-prepared-or-preserved-goose-or-duck-liver-market-analysis-forecast-size-trends-and-insights/ [4] Sel & Miel | Modern Brasserie | French Restaurant in Doha https://www.selmieldoha.com/ [5] Menus - Nobu Doha https://noburestaurants.com/doha/menus [6] ROSEWOOD DOHA FESTIVE JOURNEY 2025 https://www.rosewoodhotels.com/content/dam/rosewoodhotels/property/doha/en/documents/festive/asaya-kitchen-festive.pdf [7] Doha Brunch | Fine Dining | Four Seasons Hotel Doha https://www.fourseasons.com/doha/dining/dining-experiences/ [8] [9] FAQ | Stop Gavage Suisse https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/faq [10] [19] Halal Certified Meat Importer Qatar B2B: Complete Guide to Premium Protein Supply for Commercial Operations – Dubai's Trusted Global Food Distributor and Service Expert https://sourceinternational.ae/halal-certified-meat-importer-qatar-b2b-complete-guide-to-premium-protein-supply-for-commercial-operations/ [12] [20] À la Carte Menu | LPM French Mediterranean Dining in Doha https://lpmrestaurants.com/doha/menus/a-la-carte/ [13] [14] Restaurant Guy Savoy in Doha | Gastronomy Qatar https://www.guysavoy.qa/en/guy-savoy-set-menu-plats/colours-textures-and-savors-menu-qar-1050_2/ [15] The Kitchen Menu V3++ copy https://www.thekitchendoha.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/The-Kitchen-Menu-V3-FINAL.pdf [16] [17] STK - A La Carte Menu English https://www.stk-doha.com/ResourceFiles/pdf/a-la-carte-menu-feb-2021.pdf [18] Locally-Inspired Menu at St Regis Doha's Hakkassan this April - Marhaba Qatar https://marhaba.qa/delicious-locally-inspired-menu-at-st-regis-dohas-hakkassan-restaurant-this-april/ [21] 10 best French restaurants in Doha | Time Out Doha https://www.timeoutdoha.com/food-drink/best-french-restaurants-in-doha [22] Foie Gras: The Pate Party Is Over - Read Qatar Tribune on the go for unrivalled news coverage https://www.qatar-tribune.com/article/151558/OPINION/Foie-Gras-The-Pate-Party-Is-Over

Persistence of luxury niche: Foie gras consumption in South Korea persists at a very small scale (roughly 15–20 tonnes of imports per year). Its survival is linked to elite dining culture, gift‑giving traditions and the prestige attached to French cuisine. Mass consumption is unlikely because per‑capita availability is extremely low and most Koreans have never tasted foie gras. Drivers of demand: The key drivers are rising disposable incomes, interest in global gastronomy, and the status value of gifting premium foods. Fine‑dining chefs leverage foie gras to justify high menu prices and signal sophistication[6]. Supply vulnerabilities: The market relies entirely on imports, mainly from France. Avian‑influenza outbreaks or trade disruptions can halt supply, as seen in 2015[1]. Animal‑welfare regulations in exporting countries (e.g., bans in parts of the EU) could also reduce availability. Consumer sensitivities: Because the general public has limited awareness of animal‑welfare issues, there has been little resistance. However, should international campaigns gain traction, the lack of domestic producers makes it easy for policymakers to restrict imports without affecting local farmers. This could be a pressure point for animal‑rights advocates. Position in global market: South Korea is a minor but significant Asian market; its imports (17 tonnes in 2019[3]) are much smaller than those of Japan or Hong Kong but larger than those of many other countries. France values Korean demand because it demonstrates the global reach of foie gras and the willingness of new consumers to adopt French luxury foods. Future outlook: Fine‑dining culture is growing but remains limited to urban elites. Chefs increasingly incorporate local ingredients and may reduce reliance on imported foie gras as they seek to build a distinct Korean haute cuisine. The use of foie gras in gift sets shows that luxury food retail is diversifying, yet the market will likely remain a symbolic indulgence rather than a mass‑market commodity. [1] S. Korea halts imports of French poultry meat, birds after AI outbreak - The Korea Times https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/20151126/s-korea-halts-imports-of-french-poultry-meat-birds-after-ai-outbreak [2] France Hit by Multi-National Poultry Ban | FinancialTribune https://financialtribune.com/articles/world-economy/31609/france-hit-by-multi-national-poultry-ban [3] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [4] DownloadReportByFileName https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName [5] Country_Factsheet_-_South_Korea.pdf https://pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/287682/Country_Factsheet_-_South_Korea.pdf [6] [8] The Rise Of New Korean Gastronomy https://guide.michelin.com/mo/en/article/features/the_rise_of_new_korean_gastronomy [7] Comme Moa – Seoul - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/seoul-capital-area/kr-seoul/restaurant/comme-moa [9] Lunar New Year gifts: Bit of difference makes it special - The Korea Herald https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10334543 [10] South Korea Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Revenue & Value https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/south-korea-foie-gras-market-outlook [11] Korean chef's restaurant awarded Michelin star - The Korea Times https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/southkorea/20160214/korean-chefs-restaurant-awarded-michelin-star

Reliance on imports creates vulnerability. Spain produces only about one‑fifth to one‑quarter of the foie gras it consumes, relying heavily on imports from France, Bulgaria and Hungary[17][19]. Any trade disruption (avian‑flu outbreaks, EU trade measures, activism in exporting countries) could constrain supply and raise prices. Hospitality dependency. With 70 % of sales to restaurants and hotels[6], foie‑gras demand is tied to tourism and economic cycles. Pandemics or recessions quickly reduce consumption, but recovery in tourism revives sales. Cultural attachment vs ethical pressure. Foie gras retains strong cultural status as a festive delicacy. Yet increased activism and awareness of animal welfare have driven some decline in consumption and encouraged the emergence of “ethical” and plant‑based substitutes[8][22]. Should legal bans gain momentum in the EU, Spanish producers may need to adapt by adopting non‑force‑fed methods or diversify into other duck products. Market consolidation and rural impact. Spain’s foie‑gras sector is small but organised; consolidation among a few producers allows coordinated marketing and lobbying. Production supports rural economies in northern regions and fosters agritourism[23]. Policy measures affecting animal‑welfare could have significant local economic effects. Position in global market. Spain’s consumption (2.5–3.2 k t) makes it a critical export destination for French and Eastern European producers. Spanish importers also supply processed products to other EU markets. As global demand evolves—with increasing ethical scrutiny—Spain could influence suppliers by favouring welfare‑friendly products. Failure to adapt could lead to reputational damage and market contraction. [1] La producción de foie gras en Europa consolida su futuro https://www.qcom.es/alimentacion/opinion/la-produccion-de-foie-gras-en-europa-consolida-su-futuro_70221_8_74248_0_1_in.html [2] [6] [14] [16] [20] [25] "España es el segundo consumidor de FOIE GRAS del mundo” - Avicultura https://avicultura.com/espana-es-el-segundo-consumidor-de-foie-gras-del-mundo/ [3] [7] [13] [23] [24] [26] El foiegras español, comprometido con la sociedad - Anafric https://anafric.es/el-foiegras-espanol-comprometido-con-la-sociedad/ [4] [19] Producción y mercado de foie gras en el mundo valores avícolas https://avinews.com/produccion-y-mercado-de-foie-gras-en-el-mundo/ [5] [10] DYC_177_08_Consumo-y-gasto-en-embutidos.pdf https://www.mercasa.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DYC_177_08_Consumo-y-gasto-en-embutidos.pdf [8] A la venta la primera alternativa vegana al foie - Diario de Gastronomía: Cocina, vino, gastronomía y recetas gourmet https://diariodegastronomia.com/la-venta-la-primera-alternativa-vegana-al-foie/ [9] Foies · Supermercado El Corte Inglés https://www.elcorteingles.es/supermercado/frescos/charcuteria-y-queso-envasado/foies-y-pates/foies/ [11] Manual del Foie Gras: La guía perfecta para las nuevas generaciones https://www.qcom.es/foie-gras/consumo/manual-del-foie-gras-la-guia-perfecta-para-las-nuevas-generaciones_71854_3075_75615_0_1_in.html [12] [27] [28] Esta Navidad, acierta con el Foie Gras: claves para no perderse entre etiquetas https://www.qcom.es/alimentacion/consumo/esta-navidad--acierta-con-el-foie-gras-claves-para-no-perderse-entre-etiquetas_78399_3075_79730_0_2_in.html [15] El foie gras, un sector clave para el mundo rural | European Livestock Voice https://realidadganadera.es/home/actividad/mas-alla-del-titular/el-foie-gras-un-sector-clave-para-el-mundo-rural/ [17] Spain Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ESP/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [18] Spain Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ESP/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020743 [21] [29] [30] ! Spanish News Today - Spain Is One Of Just 5 Countries In Europe To Still Allow Forced Feeding Of Animals https://spanishnewstoday.com/spain-is-one-of-just-5-countries-in-europe-to-still-allow-forced-feeding-of-animals_1000208934-a.html [22] FoieGood: The Alternative https://www.foiegood.com/ [31] Investigation: The Reality of Europe's Foie Gras Farms | Animal Equality https://animalequality.org/news/2012/07/23/undercover-investigation-into-foie-gras-farms-in-europe/

Niche luxury sustained by imports – Sweden has no domestic foie gras production; the consumption that exists depends entirely on imports from countries such as Denmark, France and the Netherlands[1]. This, coupled with high prices and limited distribution, keeps foie gras in the realm of elite gastronomy rather than mass consumption. Growth vs. vulnerability – Market reports suggest a rising import market with double‑digit growth[3]. However, this growth is fragile: it can be undermined by activist campaigns, political proposals to ban sales, and shifting consumer ethics. Activists emphasise that Sweden’s production ban is meaningless while imports continue[14], creating political pressure for further restrictions. Cultural contradictions – Foie gras embodies a cultural contradiction: it is a marker of sophistication and historical royal indulgence[18], yet it is increasingly associated with animal cruelty and elitism. This tension fuels debates and makes foie gras a symbolic issue in discussions about ethical food consumption. Key pressure points – The limited number of importers and luxury restaurants provides a leverage point for campaigns. Targeting hotel chains, high‑end restaurants and gourmet shops could significantly reduce availability. Denmark’s supermarket boycott shows that retailer action can quickly curb access[4]. Politically, legislation banning sales or requiring clear labelling of force‑fed products could shrink the market. Global context – Sweden is a small player in the global foie gras economy but is notable for its high per‑capita import share relative to size—Martiko sent 14 % of its exports here[19]. Its stance reflects broader European tensions: several countries ban production yet permit imports. Sweden’s decisions may influence other Nordic markets and contribute to the global debate over force‑fed delicacies. [1] Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine exports to Sweden |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/SWE/product/020743 [2] Preparations of animal liver exports to Sweden |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/SWE/product/160220 [3] Sweden Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Value & Industry https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/sweden-foie-gras-market [4] Danmark slutar med gåslever – Natursidan https://www.natursidan.se/nyheter/danmark-slutar-med-gaslever/ [5] [12] [22] Förbud mot försäljning av foie gras (Motion 2021/22:265 av Markus Wiechel m.fl. (SD)) | Sveriges riksdag https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/motion/forbud-mot-forsaljning-av-foie-gras_h902265/ [6] [14] [23] Det är inget att vänta på – förbjud anklever https://www.aftonbladet.se/debatt/a/zLye6w/det-ar-inget-att-vanta-pa-forbjud-anklever [7] foie gras | Salmantinos Delikatesser AB - Spanska delikatesser https://www.salmantinos.se/produkt-tagg/foie-gras/ [8] Group-menu-SPRING-2024.pdf https://smakstockholm.se/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Group-menu-SPRING-2024.pdf [9] Food and drink in Stockholm | Visit Sweden https://visitsweden.com/where-to-go/middle-sweden/stockholm/food-and-drink-stockholm/ [10] Foie Gras gås-produkter & ank-produkter av bästa kvalitet https://www.freakykitchen.se/sv/artiklar/skafferi/gas-ankprodukter-foie-gras/index.html [11] [16] [17] [20] Ekologisk gåslever https://bloominthepark.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Ekologisk-g%C3%A5slever.pdf [13] [18] Från gåslever till Delicatoboll - Äkta vara Sverige https://www.aktavara.org/blogg/mats-eric/fran-gaslever-till-delicatoboll [15] Review: Punk Royale (2017) - Stockholm's Bizarro Luxe Dining https://andershusa.com/punk-royale-restaurant-stockholm-sweden-bizarro-world-luxurious-dining-caviar-foie-gras-truffle/ [19] Lyxproduktens mörka baksida | Djurens Rätt https://djurensratt.se/nyheter/lyxproduktens-morka-baksida [21] SD-motion: Förbjud försäljning av gåslever https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/3E1Mev/sd-motion-forbjud-forsaljning-av-gaslever

Limited but persistent market: Swiss consumption is modest in absolute terms and concentrated among affluent French‑speaking consumers, yet the country imports roughly 120–200 t of foie gras annually[1][2]. This makes Switzerland one of the largest per‑capita consumers outside France, despite the absence of domestic production. Reliance on imports: All foie gras is imported, primarily from France and Hungary. The market is vulnerable to changes in EU trade policy, avian‑influenza outbreaks and currency fluctuations. Without domestic production, supply could be curtailed if exporting countries face disease‑related culls or ethical restrictions. Cultural ambivalence: Foie gras is seen as a French luxury with little indigenous heritage; Swiss consumers purchase it mainly for holidays. Activist campaigns have increased public awareness of force‑feeding and could depress consumption. Regulatory pressure: New labelling rules will force greater transparency. Should the political climate shift toward an import ban, retailers and restaurants would be pressured to remove foie gras. The niche status of the product means that a small number of players—major retail chains and upscale restaurants—could significantly reduce demand if they choose to delist it. Tourism influence: Switzerland’s role as a luxury tourist destination sustains foie gras sales through hotels and restaurants. Changes in international tourism patterns could affect demand more than domestic opinion.

Niche luxury market: U.S. foie gras consumption is tiny relative to the overall food market—likely less than 1 kg per 1 000 people per year. Demand is driven by fine‑dining restaurants and affluent diners. Dependence on a few producers: Two farms in New York account for most fresh liver production[9]. This concentration makes the market vulnerable to disease outbreaks (avian influenza) and legal restrictions. The farms have diversified by exporting roughly 10 % of production[10] and selling other duck products. Legal uncertainty: Ongoing litigation and bans create an unstable environment. California’s ban has removed the West Coast restaurant market; New York City’s attempted ban could have closed the largest remaining market, but it was struck down in 2024[16]. Future bans could significantly reduce domestic consumption. Cultural polarization: Foie gras is celebrated by chefs but vilified by activists. The controversy shapes media coverage and influences retailers’ decisions. Marketing emphasises tradition and quality while avoiding discussion of force‑feeding[18]. Potential for substitutes and re‑branding: The combination of ethical concerns, high prices and legal pressure creates an opportunity for alternatives (e.g., plant‑based pâtés or “ethical foie gras” produced without force‑feeding). Producers may rebrand to appeal to ethically minded consumers. Global context: The U.S. market is small compared with France but serves as a symbolic battleground. Legal outcomes in California and New York influence debates in other countries and may inspire legislative efforts elsewhere. International demand for foie gras from Asia offers producers an alternative to domestic markets. [1] [5] [8] Exclusive report on the sale of foie gras in Swiss retail – Hunting in Switzerland: Criticism, facts, studies and news https://wildbeimwild.com/en/exclusive-report-on-the-sale-of-foie-gras-in-swiss-retail-trade/ [2] Swiss voters to decide on foie gras and fur imports - SWI swissinfo.ch https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/swiss-voters-to-decide-on-foie-gras-and-fur-imports/49090602 [3] Swiss set to vote on fur and fois gras bans https://lenews.ch/2023/12/29/swiss-to-vote-on-fur-and-fois-gras-bans/ [4] Preparations of animal liver imports by country |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/160220 [6] www.news.admin.ch https://www.news.admin.ch/en/nsb [7] New Swiss Food Label Law Requires Animal Welfare Disclosures | Happy Eco News https://happyeconews.com/new-swiss-food-label-law/ [9] [10] [12] [13] [14] [15] [17] Specialty Processing: Demand versus ethics | MEAT+POULTRY https://www.meatpoultry.com/articles/26258-specialty-processing-demand-versus-ethics [11] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to United States |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/USA/product/020731 [16] [20] City of New York v. Ball | Animal Legal & Historical Center https://www.animallaw.info/case/city-new-york-v-ball [18] [19] Foie gras controversy - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie_gras_controversy

Persistence of Foie Gras Consumption: Foie gras remains a niche luxury item in Thailand because it symbolises wealth and cosmopolitan taste. Demand is sustained by affluent locals and international tourists seeking fine‑dining experiences. The permissive legal framework allows imports to continue, and domestic production, though small, signals local interest. Drivers of Consumption: The main drivers are luxury hospitality, tourism and elite dining culture. Hotels use foie gras to differentiate their buffets and attract high‑spending guests. Pricing strategies (unlimited foie gras buffets) make the delicacy feel accessible to the upper middle class. Vulnerabilities: The consumption system relies on imports from a few European suppliers; any disruptions (e.g., European bans, trade restrictions or animal‑welfare campaigns) could affect supply. The pandemic showed that tourism downturns sharply reduce imports. Growing global criticism of force‑feeding and health concerns may gradually influence Thai consumers, particularly younger, health‑conscious diners. The emergence of plant‑based foie gras and ethical domestic products shows that the market could adapt to ethical concerns. Place in the Global Foie Gras Economy: Thailand is a small but growing consumer in the global foie gras economy. Import volumes (~44–62 tonnes annually pre‑COVID) are modest relative to European or North American markets, but Thailand is notable within Southeast Asia for its high‑end consumption and strong tourism sector. The country serves as a gateway for imported foie gras to reach international tourists in Asia.

Thailand’s foie gras consumption is characterised by elite indulgence and cosmopolitan aspiration. Imports from Europe dominate supply, with limited domestic production. Foie gras is consumed mainly in fine‑dining restaurants and luxury hotel buffets in Bangkok and resort areas. Consumer awareness of animal‑welfare issues remains low, though ethical and plant‑based alternatives are emerging. Unless there is a policy shift or significant public outcry, foie gras is likely to remain on the menus of Thailand’s luxury dining establishments. [1] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country |2019 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2019/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/020731 [2] Thailand Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/THA/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [3] [4] [6] [15] [21] Thailand's Foie Gras Fate - BK Magazine Online | The insider's guide to Bangkok https://www.bkmagazine.com/food/restaurants/thailand-foie-gras-fate/ [5] Thailand Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/THA/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020731 [7] [8] [9] [10] Les Delices De Canard - High-Quality Foie Gras in Thailand https://les-delices-de-canard.com/about-us/ [11] Thailand Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2019 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/THA/year/2019/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [12] Thailand Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2020 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/THA/year/2020/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [13] [14] [20] FAQ - Vivin Grocery https://vivingrocery.com/faqs/ [16] Restaurants & Dining | Sheraton Grande Sukhumvit, a Luxury Collection Hotel, Bangkok https://www.marriott.com/en-us/hotels/bkklc-sheraton-grande-sukhumvit-a-luxury-collection-hotel-bangkok/dining/ [17] LORD JIM'S, Bangkok - Bang Rak - Restaurant Reviews, Photos & Reservations - Tripadvisor https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g293916-d1068563-Reviews-or75-Lord_Jim_s-Bangkok.html [18] Goji Kitchen & Bar - Dining at the Best International Buffet in Bangkok https://www.feastographyblog.com/blog/goji-kitchen-and-bar [19] Casa Pascal - One Of The Best Restaurants In Pattaya https://www.restaurant-in-pattaya.com/facts-about-foie-gras

Persistence of consumption – Despite a production ban, foie gras persists in Turkey because a small group of affluent consumers and international tourists seek luxury dining experiences. Restaurants import ready‑made foie gras and incorporate it into tasting menus or fusion dishes, and gourmet shops sell canned foie gras for home consumption[13]. Drivers – The market is sustained by Istanbul’s growing fine‑dining scene[7], the cosmopolitan tastes of wealthy Turks and expatriates, and the prestige associated with Michelin‑starred dining. Tourism adds demand, especially from visitors accustomed to French haute cuisine. Vulnerabilities – Consumption is extremely sensitive to supply disruptions and price changes. With imports totaling only 3–4 tonnes per year[5], a slight increase in customs duties or activist campaigns against retailers could sharply reduce availability. The market is dependent on EU suppliers; any EU‑wide restrictions on force‑fed foie gras or export bans could shrink supply. Moreover, the ban on domestic production means there is no local industry to lobby for foie gras. Global context – Turkey’s market is minuscule compared with major consumers like France or Japan. It exemplifies how a country can eliminate domestic production due to animal‑welfare concerns while still allowing a niche luxury import market. In the global foie gras economy, Turkey plays a negligible role in demand but symbolically aligns with countries that have banned force‑feeding[15]. The combination of a production ban and permissive import regime could be a model for other jurisdictions seeking to reduce cruelty without banning consumption outright. [1] ANIMAL PROTECTION BILL LAW no 5199 (*) | MEVZUAT | HUKUK | HAYTAP - Hayvan Hakları Federasyonu https://www.haytap.org/tr/animal-protection-bill-law-no-5199- [2] Preparations of animal liver imports by country |2021 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2021/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/160220 [3] Preparations of animal liver imports by country |2022 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2022/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/160220 [4] Preparations of animal liver imports by country |2023 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/160220 [5] Turkey Preparations of animal liver imports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/TUR/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/All/product/160220 [6] Turkey Preparations of animal liver exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/TUR/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/160220 [7] [11] [12] Visit Istanbul https://visit.istanbul/michelin-guide [8] [9] NOVIKOV - MENU https://www.novikovistanbul.com/menu [10] Menus - Nobu Istanbul https://noburestaurants.com/istanbul/menus [13] [14] [17] Duck Foie Gras 200g – Isthambul https://www.isthambul.com/product/duck-foie-gras/ [15] Foie gras - France - ESDAW https://www.esdaw.eu/foie-gras---france.html [16] Preparations of animal liver exports to Turkey |2021 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2021/tradeflow/Exports/partner/TUR/product/160220 [18] SUMMER DINNER https://www.istanbulhawaii.com/uploads/b/3cfff880-fd1e-11ea-aa73-0d57dd82c60c/SUMMER%20DINNER_ODc1MD.pdf

Persistent niche demand. Foie gras persists in the UAE because of the country’s luxury hospitality industry and cosmopolitan dining culture. It functions as a marker of refinement that wealthy locals, expatriates and tourists expect to find on fine‑dining menus[5]. High disposable incomes and an emphasis on premium experiences sustain demand. Complete dependence on imports. Without domestic production, consumption hinges on international supply chains. France remains the dominant supplier by value, with Hungary and Belgium providing specialty products[2]. Any trade disruption (avian influenza, EU export restrictions) could quickly affect availability and prices. Limited consumer base. Despite high‑profile festivals, per‑capita consumption is extremely small and concentrated in urban elites. Broader population exposure is negligible. This means that campaigns targeting a few importers or hotel chains could significantly reduce consumption. Ethical vulnerabilities. Global scrutiny of force‑feeding and halal considerations constitute the main vulnerabilities. Activist campaigns and shifts in consumer sentiment could pressure hotels to drop foie gras or switch to ethical alternatives. The growing availability of non‑force‑fed or cultivated foie gras may satisfy demand while reducing ethical risk. Integration into a global luxury narrative. The UAE positions itself as a hub for high‑end tourism and dining; foie gras fits within this narrative. Its continued presence reflects the emirates’ aspiration to match European and Asian fine‑dining standards. However, because consumption is not widespread and is entirely dependent on imports, the UAE’s role in the global foie gras economy is as a niche importer rather than a major driver. [1] [2] United Arab Emirates Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine imports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ARE/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/020743 [3] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [4] As New York moves to ban foie gras, should the UAE be next? | The National https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/as-new-york-moves-to-ban-foie-gras-should-the-uae-be-next-1.822232 [5] [6] [9] [10] [15] [16] [17] Can foie gras ever be ethical? | Time Out Dubai https://www.timeoutdubai.com/food-drink/features/42319-can-foie-gras-ever-be-ethical [7] [8] Bond shaken and stirred | The National https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/home/bond-shaken-and-stirred-1.555489 [11] [12] [13] [14] Foie Gras week returns in style to Le Beaujolais - Mercure Abu Dhabi Centre Hotel, Abu Dhabi https://mitsukiemma.blogspot.com/2017/03/foie-gras-week-returns-in-style-to-le.html

Persistence despite prohibition. Foie gras persists in the UK because of elite demand, cultural prestige and the absence of an import ban. Wealthy diners and French‑style restaurants regard it as a symbol of luxury and authenticity. Importers and high‑end retailers fill this niche, and enforcement does not target consumption. Key drivers and vulnerabilities. Consumption is sustained by tourism, expat communities, culinary tradition and status signalling. However, the market is small, high‑priced and socially contested. Public opposition and activist pressure have already pushed many retailers and venues to drop foie gras[15], and surveys show majority support for an import ban[14]. As ethical consumerism grows and cost‑of‑living pressures make luxury foods seem decadent, demand is likely to decline further. The 2023 import spike may be an outlier and could face scrutiny if the government pursues a ban.[1] Alternative pathways. The emergence of ethical substitutes like Foie Royale signals a potential way for chefs and retailers to satisfy diners’ taste for rich liver pâté without supporting force‑feeding[13]. For producers and importers, diversification into ethical products may mitigate reputational and regulatory risks. Place in the global economy. The UK is a minor but symbolically important consumer in the global foie gras economy. France remains the dominant producer, and exports to the UK represent a tiny fraction of its output. Britain’s debates receive disproportionate attention because they challenge the legitimacy of foie gras and could encourage other countries to restrict trade. Continued pressure for a ban and rising demand for alternatives make the UK a testing ground for the future of foie gras consumption. [1] Foie Gras: Imports: 27 Feb 2024: Hansard Written Answers - TheyWorkForYou https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wrans/ [2] Foie Gras Imports - Hansard - UK Parliament https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2018-06-13/debates/7E70479C-5D8C-415D-8350-618A3C5B65C1/FoieGrasImports [3] foiegras_factsheet.pdf https://viva.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/foiegras_factsheet.pdf [4] Foie gras producers in France oppose UK plans to ban imports https://www.connexionfrance.com/news/foie-gras-producers-in-france-oppose-uk-plans-to-ban-imports/398382 [5] [13] Foie gras: Has the world moved on from the days of animal cruelty? - Speciality & Fine Food Fair 2026 https://www.specialityandfinefoodfairs.co.uk/news/foie-gras-world-moved-days-animal-cruelty [6] MPs unite to call for total ban on ‘wicked’ foie gras in the UK | Animal welfare | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/28/mps-unite-to-call-for-total-ban-on-wicked-foie-gras-in-the-uk [7] L'Atelier Robuchon is back – and better than ever https://luxurylondon.co.uk/taste/food/latelier-robuchon-mayfair-restaurant-review/ [8] Fortnum and Mason faces celebrity battle over its sale of 'cruel' foie gras | Animal welfare | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/18/fortnum-mason-foie-gras-protest [9] ‘Torture in a tin’: Miriam Margolyes and others urge ban on foie gras imports | Food | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/food/2023/feb/07/miriam-margolyes-celebrities-urge-ban-foie-gras-imports [10] Skylon restaurant drops foie gras! https://animalequality.org.uk/blog/the-southbank-centres-skylon-restaurant-drops-cruel-foie-gras/ [11] 2023_October_REPORT_FoieGras-Opinion_UK_DIGITAL-2-2.pdf https://animalequality.org.uk/app/uploads/2024/02/2023_October_REPORT_FoieGras-Opinion_UK_DIGITAL-2-2.pdf [12] Case Study: Classic Fine Food UK - FMCG Selection https://fmcgselection.co.uk/case-study-classic-fine-food-uk/ [14] The foie-gras industry in post-Brexit Britain https://www.veganfoodandliving.com/why-vegan/animal-impact/the-foie-gras-industry-in-post-brexit-britain/ [15] PETA's Foie Gras Campaign Highlights From Over the Years https://www.peta.org.uk/blog/petas-foie-gras-campaign-highlights-from-over-the-years/

A niche but resilient luxury market. U.S. foie gras consumption is tiny—hundreds of tonnes per year—and virtually all of it is produced domestically. Per‑capita consumption is minuscule, so banning foie gras would have no meaningful effect on the American diet. Its survival hinges on a small number of elite diners and restaurateurs who value its luxury appeal. Vulnerable supply chain. With only two major farms producing roughly 90 % of U.S. foie gras[17], the industry is susceptible to legal, economic and health shocks. Local bans (e.g., California, New York City) can wipe out one‑third of producers’ revenue[13]. Disease outbreaks (avian influenza) or pandemic‑induced restaurant closures can quickly collapse demand[6]. Legal and ethical controversies drive consumption patterns. Bans and activism create both threats and temporary booms. After New York City passed its foie‑gras ban, restaurants saw sales increase 20–30 % as diners ordered foie gras to make a political statement[7][8]. Conversely, legal uncertainty discourages investment and may shift consumption toward mail‑order or underground markets. Cultural attachment vs. animal‑welfare pressure. Supporters portray foie gras as a treasured element of French gastronomy and a test of culinary sophistication. Critics denounce gavage as cruel and view foie gras as an outdated indulgence. This tension shapes media narratives and influences the degree of discretion in marketing and consumption. Potential pressure points. Activists targeting the small number of producers or the restaurants that serve foie gras can exert outsized influence. Campaigns focusing on the inhumanity of gavage, combined with legal bans in large markets, could drastically reduce consumption. Conversely, producers’ claims of humane practices and the development of plant‑based alternatives could mitigate criticism and maintain a niche market. Position in the global foie‑gras economy. The United States accounts for less than 2 % of global foie‑gras consumption, dwarfed by France’s 12,000–16,000 t annual market[44][3]. The U.S. market nonetheless provides an important export outlet for French producers and a livelihood for a handful of American farms. Its future will depend on legal battles, consumer attitudes and the ability of producers to market foie gras as a humane, artisanal luxury. [1] [4] EconomicReport.pdf https://shepstone.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/EconomicReport.pdf [2] 2008 Regular Session - Fiscal and Policy Note for Senate Bill 599 https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2008rs/fnotes/bil_0009/sb0599.pdf [3] Foie Gras https://www.animalrightsinitiative.org/foie-gras [5] [6] Specialty Processing: Demand versus ethics | MEAT+POULTRY https://www.meatpoultry.com/articles/26258-specialty-processing-demand-versus-ethics [7] [8] [title unknown] https://ny.eater.com/2019/12/30/21039514/foie-gras-ban-sales-jump-nyc-restaurants [9] Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports to United States |2024 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/All/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/USA/product/020731 [10] United States Preparations of animal liver imports from WORLD | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/USA/year/2024/tradeflow/Imports/partner/World/product/160220 [11] United States Preparations of animal liver imports from WORLD | 2022 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/USA/year/2022/tradeflow/Imports/partner/World/product/160220 [12] [17] [18] How a NYC ban on foie gras could devastate a Catskills county that depends on it https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/makers/article/ban-on-foie-gras-could-devastate-a-Catskill-county-16019528.php [13] [20] [42] [title unknown] https://www.timesunion.com/tablehopping/article/foie-gras-new-york-city-ban-ruling-hudson-valley-19532070.php [14] A Boston Suburb Banned Foie Gras. Philadelphia Could Be Next. https://sentientmedia.org/boston-suburb-banned-foie-gras-philadelphia-could-be-next/ [15] [21] [32] [33] [35] [39] [44] Foie Gras: The Star of French Celebrations | Taste France Magazine https://www.tastefrance.com/us/magazine/trends/foie-gras-star-french-celebrations [16] [title unknown] https://www.eater.com/2019/10/2/20893463/new-york-city-foie-gras-ban-bill-foie-gras-farms-us [19] [40] [41] California Federal Court Serves Up a Win to Foie Gras Producers – Animal Law Developments https://blogs.duanemorris.com/animallawdevelopments/2020/07/17/california-federal-court-serves-up-a-win-to-foie-gras-producers/ [22] [23] [25] [26] [28] [29] [30] [31] Types of Foie Gras you should know.Know more about Foie Gras in House of Caviar. https://www.houseofcaviarandfinefoods.com/blog/types-of-foie-gras-you-should-know [24] 12-VanAllen.373-403.pdf https://stetsonlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/12-VanAllen.373-403.pdf [27] [34] [36] [37] [38] [43] The Chicago Ban on Foie Gras Is Long Gone — But the Controversy Isn’t - InsideHook https://www.insidehook.com/food-chicago/chicago-foie-gras

Small but high‑margin market – Vietnam’s foie gras consumption is limited to elite consumers, so total volume is low (tens of tonnes per year) but per‑unit margins are high. The market could grow modestly as disposable incomes rise and tourism rebounds, yet it will remain niche. Reliance on imported supply – Because there is no domestic production, consumption is vulnerable to disruptions in French supply (e.g., avian influenza outbreaks) and to currency fluctuations. The EVFTA makes European foie gras more attractive through reduced tariffs and protected geographical indications[5]. Luxury hospitality drives demand – Fine‑dining restaurants, five‑star hotels and gourmet retailers sustain the market. Chefs use foie gras to signal sophistication and to attract affluent diners, often integrating it into fusion dishes like foie gras pho and bánh mi[11]. Tourism will continue to be a key driver. Cultural positioning vs ethical vulnerability – Foie gras is framed as a luxurious French delicacy, which appeals to status‑conscious consumers[15]. However, awareness of the force‑feeding process and global bans is slowly spreading[17]. If animal‑welfare activism gains traction in Vietnam, or if global campaigns influence tourist perceptions, demand could be sensitive. Potential pressure points – Rising interest in healthy or ethical eating, competition from other luxury ingredients (truffle, wagyu, caviar), and economic downturns could limit growth. Because the market is small, even minor shifts in import regulations or consumer sentiment could significantly affect consumption. In summary, foie gras in Vietnam remains a luxury‑occasional delicacy primarily imported from France and consumed by affluent locals, expatriates and tourists. The product’s presence in high‑end dining and its association with French heritage sustain its appeal, but its niche status and ethical controversies make the market fragile and highly dependent on cultural and economic trends. [1] Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 [2] Vietnam Preparations of poultry (excl. turkey) imports by country | 2019 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/VNM/year/2019/tradeflow/Imports/partner/ALL/product/160239 [3] Vietnam Foie Gras Market (2025-2031) | Trends, Outlook & Forecast https://www.6wresearch.com/industry-report/vietnam-foie-gras-market-outlook [4] 6 MICHELIN Dining Destinations Taking Vietnam’s Food Scene by Storm with Cashless Dining https://guide.michelin.com/vn/en/article/dining-out/6-michelin-dining-restaurants-cashless-dining-visa [5] the-food-and-beverage-market-entry-handbook-JW0125000ENN.pdf https://www.seve.gr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/the-food-and-beverage-market-entry-handbook-JW0125000ENN.pdf [6] La Villa – Ho Chi Minh City - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/ho-chi-minh/ho-chi-minh_2978179/restaurant/la-villa-1201811 [7] Restaurant Month 2024: 7 Fine-Dining Restaurants In Saigon You Shouldn’t Miss  | Vietcetera https://vietcetera.com/onboardy/restaurant-month-2024-7-fine-dining-restaurants-in-saigon-you-shouldnt-miss [8] [9] [14] This premium $170 bowl of pho has wagyu beef, foie gras and more https://nextshark.com/expensive-pho-vietnam-wagyu-beef-foi-gras [10] Nostalgic Nosh: Rising Chefs Challenge 2023 Revisits Childhood Vietnamese Classics | Vietcetera https://vietcetera.com/en/nostalgic-nosh-rising-chefs-challenge-2023-revisits-childhood-vietnamese-classics [11] The Origins Of The $100 Banh Mi | Vietcetera https://vietcetera.com/en/the-origins-of-the-100-banh-mi [12] The most expensive Vietnamese banh mi brands in Saigon https://vietnamnet.vn/en/the-most-expensive-vietnamese-banh-mi-brands-in-saigon-804388.html [13] Authentic Vietnamese cuisine: the top list https://www.tasteaway.pl/en/2013/11/28/authentic-vietnamese-cuisine-top-list/ [15] [16] [17] Foie Gras tinh hoa ẩm thực Pháp của giới thượng lưu https://mia.vn/cam-nang-du-lich/foie-gras-tinh-hoa-am-thuc-phap-14518