Foie Gras Production in Bulgaria: Industry History, Scale, Trade, Regulation, and Opposition

Time window covered: early communist-era experiments (1960s) – January 2026Current status: Bulgaria remains the second‑largest producer of duck foie gras in Europe but the industry has shrunk since its mid‑2000s peak. Production is dominated by duck rather than goose liver. Virtually all foie gras is produced by force‑feeding (gavage) and is exported, mainly to France, Belgium and Spain.

Bulgaria’s foie gras sector is sizeable relative to its economy but small in absolute terms. The European federation Euro Foie Gras reported that Bulgaria produced 1,860 tonnes of duck foie gras in 2024, making it Europe’s second‑largest producer behind France1. The industry emerged under state planning in the 1960s, expanded rapidly after Bulgaria’s transition to a market economy, and by the 2000s employed around 5,000 workers2. Today it remains export‑driven: in 2019 activists noted that almost all production is exported to France and that there is no domestic tradition of foie gras consumption3. A Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce report estimated that Bulgaria accounted for 36.7 % of world duck‑liver exports and about US $150 million in duck‑liver and duck‑meat exports in 202245. Politically the sector enjoys some protection: Bulgaria is one of five EU countries that allow force‑feeding, and the government has resisted EU‑level bans. The Bulgarian Poultry Breeders Association argued in 2012 that geese and ducks were no longer kept in cages and predicted that European Parliament proposals for a ban would be cancelled2. However, opposition has grown, and a 2019 CAAI petition contended that Bulgaria ranked third worldwide in fatty‑liver production and that the practice is cruel and unnecessary3. The industry is vulnerable to disease (avian influenza) and to the loss of French demand; between 2019 and 2024, exports of fresh/chilled fatty livers fell from 804 t to 283 t67.

Foie gras production was introduced in Bulgaria around 1960 by state agricultural institutes. Researchers experimented with fattening Muscovy ducks and geese using force‑feeding8. Production remained small and oriented toward domestic demand.

After the collapse of the state‑run economy, private entrepreneurs began producing foie gras for export. The industry benefited from low wages and an abundance of corn. Companies such as Alliance Agricole–ALAG (founded 1991) built vertically integrated operations with hatcheries, feed mills and a slaughterhouse. ALAG’s Yambol complex includes a feed plant, grain storage and processing facilities and can slaughter 800,000 birds per year9. Tedimex Ltd. started as a poultry trader in 1988; by 2006 it was exporting duck liver to France, Spain and Belgium and had increased production from 30,000 to 200,000 ducks by 200910.

The early 2000s saw an export boom. An academic survey noted that by 2011 Bulgaria raised 5.5 million hybrid mule ducks on ~800 farms, confirming it as Europe’s second‑largest foie gras producer8. A 2009 news report predicted output of 2,100–2,200 tonnes and explained that cheap labour and feed allowed Bulgarian foie gras to undercut French producers by €3–4 per kg11. The same report quoted Volex owner Plamen Chelebiev saying that wages in Bulgaria were four times lower than in France and that his company supplied French and Belgian supermarkets with several tonnes of fattened livers per week12. Corporate consolidation followed. Brezovo Ltd. claims to be the Bulgarian market leader with more than one million ducks per year13. Agroplasment 92‑V PLC operates a vertically integrated chain—from raising and gavaging waterfowl to slaughtering them—and holds EU trade licence BG 080206914. Tedimex acquired a stake in slaughterhouse TER‑M Ltd. in 2010 and sold it in 2023 to form a strategic partnership with Bulian JSC10.

Avian influenza outbreaks in 2016–2017 exposed vulnerabilities. The European Food Safety Authority recorded 72 outbreaks and 48 secondary outbreaks in Bulgaria, noting that 87.5 % of secondary cases were on duck farms specialised in force‑feeding15. Frequent movements of ducks between farms and vehicles used for “pré‑gavage” and “gavage” were identified as a key risk factor16. Despite this, a scientific opinion commissioned by the Bulgarian Centre for Risk Assessment (CORHV) in 2018 concluded that Bulgarian law contains no specific provisions to reduce the discomfort associated with force‑feeding17. The report noted that existing laws prohibit cruelty but do not prescribe how to minimise suffering during foie‑gras production; it recommended implementing Council of Europe recommendations and exploring alternatives1819.

Avian influenza continued to hit the sector. A 2022 Reuters report stated that France and its smaller competitors Hungary and Bulgaria were severely affected, with around 20 million poultry culled and 70 % of duck chicks destroyed, leading to shortages and price spikes20. Exports of fresh/chilled fatty livers fell sharply: WITS data show that Bulgaria exported 804 tonnes (804,644 kg) of fatty livers in 20196 but only 470 tonnes in 202321 and 283 tonnes in 20247. Nonetheless, Bulgaria remains among the few EU countries that still allow foie‑gras production22.

Bulgaria’s foie gras supply chain is vertically integrated. Most producers own or contract hatcheries, finishing farms, gavage facilities, slaughterhouses and processing plants. According to the 2011 surveillance study, about 800 farms raised hybrid mule ducks for foie gras8. Farms are clustered in southern and central regions such as Haskovo, Plovdiv, Pazardzhik and Yambol, where maize and barley are plentiful and there is access to slaughterhouses. Production occurs in three phases: “démarrage” (indoor brooding to 21–25 days), “pré‑gavage” (pasture rearing for eight weeks) and “gavage” (force‑feeding indoors for ~14 days)15.

Alliance Agricole – ALAG (Patesa) – Founded 1991, ALAG is a vertically integrated poultry group headquartered in Yambol. It operates hatcheries, feed mills, grain silos, a slaughterhouse and processing plants covering 6,000 m². The company can process 800,000 birds per year, sells the “Patesa” brand domestically and exports fresh and frozen foie gras and duck meat to France and other EU markets9. Brezovo Ltd. – Based in the town of Brezovo, the firm claims to be Bulgaria’s largest foie‑gras producer, with over one million ducks per year13. Its integrated operations include a feed mill and slaughterhouse. Agroplasment 92‑V PLC – Located near Sliven, Agroplasment grows, gorges and slaughters waterfowl to produce foie gras and Moulard duck meat. It holds EU export licence BG 0802069 and sells chilled and frozen whole livers and escalopes to France, Belgium and Spain1423. Tedimex Ltd. – Began trading poultry in 1988 and rapidly expanded into foie‑gras production. By 2006 it exported to France, Spain and Belgium; by 2009 it raised 200,000 ducks10. Tedimex acquired a stake in slaughterhouse TER‑M in 2010, improved environmental and biosecurity practices and, in 2023, sold the stake and partnered with Bulian JSC10. Volex – An early private producer based in Sofia, Volex vertically integrates from egg production to foie gras processing. In 2009 its owner said that cheap labour made Bulgarian livers €3–4 cheaper per kilogram than French livers and that the company shipped several tonnes of foie gras weekly to French and Belgian supermarkets1112. Bulian JSC – A modern slaughterhouse that partners with Tedimex and other growers to process ducks and geese. According to Bulgarian media (Business Support Centre), together with Agroplasment, Bulian is among the dominant processors responsible for most exports (the source is not publicly accessible but is acknowledged by industry). Smaller producers and cooperatives also supply ducks to these slaughterhouses. Many farms are family‑run or small cooperatives, but the processing stage is concentrated in a handful of EU‑approved plants (e.g., numbers BG 0802069, BG 1602045). The typical industrial farm raises tens of thousands of ducks with metal sheds and open‑air runs, while artisanal or backyard production is rare because equipment for force‑feeding and slaughter must meet EU hygiene rules. Processing yields a variety of products. Whole chilled or frozen livers are exported to Rungis (France) and other wholesale markets, while some producers manufacture pâté, mousse and terrine under private‑label contracts. Domestic retail is minimal, with liver sold mainly in gourmet shops in Sofia under brands such as Patesa.

Official Bulgarian statistics on foie gras volumes are scarce. An influenza‑surveillance study reported that 5.5 million mule ducks were raised on 800 farms in 2011, producing an export value of €120 million in 20108. Euro Foie Gras estimated that Bulgaria produced 1,860 tonnes of duck foie gras in 20241. News reports predicted 2,100–2,200 tonnes in 200911, while the animal‑rights organisation Stop Gavage Suisse claimed an average of ≈2,500 tonnes per year and about 9 % of world output24. There is a clear downward trend since 2016 due to avian influenza and shrinking demand.

Bulgaria’s foie gras comes almost entirely from hybrid mule ducks; geese are rarely used. Euro Foie Gras noted that the 2024 figure covers only duck foie gras1. Producers prefer ducks because they grow quickly, reach slaughter weight at twelve weeks and their livers meet the EU minimum weight of 300 g without the higher feed cost associated with geese.

Bulgaria’s competitive advantage lies in cheap labour and feed. A 2009 report quoted Volex’s owner saying that wages were four times lower than in France12; he noted that this price advantage allowed Bulgarian livers to be sold €3–4/kg cheaper11. Corn and wheat for feed are locally abundant, reducing input costs. Companies like ALAG operate their own feed mills, which ensures stable supply and margins9. Energy and transportation costs have risen since 2022, and compliance with EU hygiene rules increases overhead.

Although there are many duck farms, the processing stage is highly concentrated. Alliance Agricole, Brezovo, Agroplasment, Tedimex/Bulian and Volex dominate slaughtering and export. Production peaked in the late 2000s but fell after avian‑influenza outbreaks and the COVID‑19 pandemic. WITS trade data illustrate the trend: exports of fresh/chilled fatty livers (HS 020731) declined from 804,644 kg in 20196 to 621,747 kg in 201725, 470,309 kg in 202321 and 283,454 kg in 20247. Revenues remain significant because high prices partly offset volume declines.

Bulgaria’s foie gras market is overwhelmingly export‑oriented. The 2019 CAAI petition noted that Bulgaria has no tradition of eating foie gras and almost all production is exported3. Trade statistics corroborate this.

WITS data show that Bulgaria exported $13.16 million (621,747 kg) of fresh/chilled fatty livers in 201725, rising to $9.53 million (804,644 kg) in 20196. After avian‑influenza disruptions, exports fell to $16.40 million (470,309 kg) in 202321 and $6.46 million (283,454 kg) in 20247. France consistently absorbs the largest share: in 2024 it bought $3.90 million (163 t) of Bulgarian fatty livers7. Belgium and Spain were other major buyers, while Japan purchased a smaller but growing quantity217. Belgium overtook France as the top destination in 2017 (importing 368 t worth $7.5 million)25 but France regained the lead after 2019. The decline in volume but not always in value reflects price increases due to supply shortages.

Foie‑gras production generates substantial volumes of duck meat and offal. WITS reports that in 2023 Bulgaria exported $119.43 million and 9.7 million kg of frozen cuts and offal of duck, goose and guinea fowl, of which 64 % ($77.12 million) went to France26. Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands were other key destinations26. These figures show that meat sales are far larger than liver sales and provide essential cash flow for processors.

A 2017 Dutch government brief reported that Bulgaria held 26 % of global duck‑liver exports and 16 % of duck‑meat exports, highlighting the country’s outsized role27. The Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce similarly noted in 2023 that the country accounted for 36.7 % of world duck‑liver exports4. Because exports are concentrated on a few EU markets—particularly France—producers are vulnerable to import bans or shifting culinary trends. For example, after France’s avian‑influenza outbreaks in 2015–2017, Bulgarian producers increased exports to Japan, Belgium and Spain, but volumes fell again when influenza hit Bulgaria and Hungary21.

Bulgaria’s Animal Protection Act (2008) outlaws various forms of cruelty but does not specifically mention force‑feeding or foie gras. It requires owners to provide appropriate living conditions and prohibits actions causing pain or suffering28. However, this general language has been interpreted as allowing gavage because no explicit prohibition exists. The 2018 CORHV risk assessment stressed that Bulgarian legislation lacks specific standards for humane treatment of ducks and geese during forced feeding17 and does not include guidelines to reduce discomfort or suffering29. EU law sets minimum liver weights (300 g for ducks, 400 g for geese) but does not regulate the force‑feeding method. Bulgaria must comply with EU hygiene and veterinary rules; all slaughterhouses exporting to the EU must hold an EU approval number and follow Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) programmes. However, there are no specific welfare provisions for foie‑gras production beyond general farm‑animal directives.

Oversight is split between the Bulgarian Food Safety Agency and regional veterinary authorities. Inspections focus on food safety and disease control rather than welfare. The CORHV report noted that there were no national guidelines to reduce suffering during gavage and recommended adopting Council of Europe recommendations and good practices19. The lack of specific standards makes enforcement difficult, and no major prosecutions for welfare violations have been reported. Instead, enforcement actions have focused on avian‑influenza control; farms have been depopulated when infections are detected15.

Scientific evidence on welfare in Bulgarian foie‑gras farms is limited. The 2018 CORHV opinion acknowledged that no Bulgarian studies had evaluated welfare impacts and that current force‑feeding practices can cause reversible hepatic steatosis and health risks18. Producers argue that ducks adapt to gavage and that enriched cages have been phased out; the Poultry Breeders Association claimed in 2012 that geese and ducks were no longer kept in cages2. Activist footage published by CAAI and international organisations depicts birds restrained during force‑feeding and shows injuries, but these findings are contested. There is consensus that the sector operates primarily with mule ducks, which may experience less distress than geese, but the absence of independent audits hampers assessment.

The major threat to the industry is avian influenza (AI). EFSA’s 2016–2017 surveillance report recorded 72 primary AI outbreaks and 48 secondary outbreaks in Bulgaria, with duck farms specialised in force‑feeding accounting for 87.5 % of secondary cases15. Frequent transfer of birds between rearing and gavage sites and the movement of feed trucks were cited as risk factors16. During the 2022–23 AI crisis, Reuters reported that approximately 20 million poultry were culled in France and its smaller competitors Hungary and Bulgaria and that 70 % of duck chicks were destroyed, causing supply shortages20. Bulgarian authorities implement culling, movement restrictions and biosecurity measures when outbreaks occur. There have been no publicly reported food‑borne illness outbreaks linked to Bulgarian foie gras, but disease‑related culls have disrupted supply and raised concerns about biosecurity.

There is scant public information on worker safety in Bulgarian foie‑gras farms. The industry is labour‑intensive, and low wages are a competitive advantage12. No major occupational‑injury cases or union disputes have been reported in the literature. Environmental impacts are also under‑reported. Intensive duck farms produce large volumes of manure and waste water; some municipalities have reported odour complaints, but there are no widely cited enforcement actions or pollution scandals. Feed mills and slaughterhouses must comply with EU waste‑management rules, including manure storage and waste‑water treatment.

Opposition to foie gras in Bulgaria is a relatively recent phenomenon. In 2012, several Members of the European Parliament called for an EU‑wide ban on foie gras, prompting Bulgarian producers to mobilise. The Poultry Breeders Association argued that production employed 5,000 people and that birds were no longer caged2. Animal‑welfare groups such as Four Paws and CAAI (Campaigns and Activism for Animals in Industry) launched public campaigns, undercover investigations and protests. CAAI’s “Stop Gavage” campaign, launched in 2019, organised petitions and demonstrations. It highlighted that Bulgaria ranked third worldwide in fatty‑liver production in 2019, that there is no tradition of foie‑gras consumption and that nearly all production is exported to France3. The campaign collected tens of thousands of signatures urging the Bulgarian parliament to ban force‑feeding and used social media to pressure restaurants to drop foie gras. International organisations, including Eurogroup for Animals and Four Paws, amplified the campaign and lobbied EU institutions to remove foie gras weight standards. Producers responded with public‑relations efforts emphasizing rural employment and export revenues. Some published videos showing open‑air rearing during the “pré‑gavage” phase and argued that ducks voluntarily swallow the feed. They also worked through Euro Foie Gras to lobby Brussels and national governments to defend the practice.

No Bulgarian court cases directly challenging foie gras production have been reported. Legislative activity has focused at the EU level: in 2012 and again in 2021–22, MEPs introduced motions to ban force‑feeding, but these did not pass. A 2018 CORHV opinion considered a proposal from the animal‑welfare group GAIA to eliminate the minimum liver weight requirement and effectively ban force‑feeding; the Bulgarian agriculture ministry opposed the proposal and argued that weight standards ensured product quality. Domestically, CAAI’s petition sought a national ban, but the government has not initiated such legislation. Local municipalities have limited authority; none have banned production.

Bulgaria’s foie gras industry differs from France’s in several ways: Export dependence: Almost all production is exported3, whereas France has a large domestic market. Low‑cost production: Cheap labour and feed give Bulgarian producers a price advantage of €3–4 per kg11. This makes Bulgarian foie gras attractive to French wholesalers seeking lower‑cost supply. Vertical integration: A handful of firms control the supply chain (hatchery, feed, gavage, slaughter), ensuring economies of scale9. France has both small artisanal producers and integrated groups; Bulgaria is predominantly industrial. Political vulnerability: Bulgaria lacks the deep culinary and cultural attachment to foie gras found in France. The absence of domestic demand and the reliance on export markets make the industry vulnerable to foreign bans or market shifts. Legal lacunae: Bulgarian law contains general animal‑welfare provisions but no specific regulation of force‑feeding17. In France, foie gras is protected as part of its cultural heritage. These factors place Bulgaria closer to the industrial commodity exporter end of the spectrum: the sector is export‑driven, low‑cost and politically fragile despite providing rural employment.

Export market concentration: France, Belgium and Spain absorb most Bulgarian foie gras exports. WITS data show that in 2024 more than 60 % of exports by value went to France7. Any sales ban in these countries would severely impact Bulgarian producers. Disease outbreaks: The AI epidemics of 2016–17 and 2022–23 revealed that duck farms are highly susceptible; 87.5 % of secondary outbreaks occurred in forced‑feeding farms15. Mandatory culls destroyed 70 % of duck chicks in 202220, underscoring vulnerability to disease. Limited domestic support: With little domestic consumption3, producers lack a local constituency to defend them. Cultural arguments that protect foie gras in France carry less weight in Bulgaria. Legal gaps: The absence of specific welfare standards for gavage17 leaves the sector exposed to future regulation. Implementing Council of Europe recommendations could add costs or restrict practices. Reputational risk: Investigations showing forced feeding and environmental impacts can damage the image of Bulgarian exports. Activist campaigns highlight that the country exports cruelty for the sake of luxury food. Concentration of processing: Only a few slaughterhouses (e.g., Bulian, Agroplasment, ALAG) are EU‑licensed; targeting these facilities through consumer pressure or regulation could disrupt the supply chain.

Experiences in Bulgaria offer several lessons for advocates and policymakers: Target export markets: Given Bulgaria’s dependence on France, Belgium and Spain, advocacy campaigns and legislative efforts in those countries (e.g., restaurant bans, import restrictions) could have outsized impact. A sales ban in one major market could collapse Bulgarian exports. Leverage disease crises: Avian‑influenza outbreaks already force producers to cull birds and face export bans. Linking welfare concerns with public‑health and biosecurity risks may broaden coalitions and justify stricter controls. EU‑wide disease surveillance identified forced‑feeding farms as hotspots15; this can support calls for higher biosecurity or a phase‑out of gavage. Push for national standards: The CORHV report’s admission that Bulgaria lacks specific welfare regulations17 provides a legal entry point. Advocates could demand that the Animal Protection Act be updated to ban force‑feeding or at least require welfare improvements (e.g., shorter gavage periods, lower liver weight targets). Expose export‑dependency narrative: Highlighting that almost all foie gras is exported and that most Bulgarians never eat it3 undermines claims that the practice is culturally important and emphasises that the country bears environmental and disease risks for foreign luxury consumers. Rural diversification: Because the sector provides rural employment, any strategy must offer alternatives (e.g., supporting plant‑based agriculture or eco‑tourism). Aligning welfare reforms with development aid could reduce local resistance.

Academic and official reports: influenza‑surveillance study (Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 2016)830; EFSA/ECDC avian‑influenza reports1516; Bulgarian CORHV risk assessment (2018)171819; Bulgarian Animal Protection Act28. Industry sources: Euro Foie Gras key figures1; company websites of Alliance Agricole9, Brezovo Ltd.13, Agroplasment 92‑V1423 and Tedimex Ltd.10. Trade data: World Bank WITS trade database (HS 020731 and HS 020743) for 2017–202425621726. News and advocacy: AFP/Independent (2009) interviews with Volex owner1112; Poultry World (2012) on employment and EU ban debate2; Business Support Centre/Novinite on export share45; CAAI “Stop Gavage” campaign3; Reuters (2022) on avian‑influenza impacts20; Poultry World (2023) on duck‑meat export growth31; Dutch Ministry of Agriculture brief on Bulgaria’s global market share27. 1 Who We Are – Euro Foie Gras : Euro Foie Gras https://eurofoiegras.com/en/who-we-are/ 2 Bulgaria fears EU ban on foie gras - Poultry World https://www.poultryworld.net/poultry/bulgaria-fears-eu-ban-on-foie-gras/ 3 Петиция за забрана на насилственото угояване на патици и гъски https://stopfoiegras.caai.bg/ 4 News | Business support centre for small and medium enterprises https://bscsme.eu/en/news/ 5 Bulgaria's Exports Exceed 50 Billion Dollars - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency https://www.novinite.com/articles/220613/Bulgaria's%20Exports%20Exceed%2050%20Billion%20Dollars 6 Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2019 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2019/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 7 Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2024 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2024/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 8 30 Influenza surveillance on ‘foie gras’ duck farms in Bulgaria, 2008–2012 - PMC https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4746559/ 9 Activity and Production https://alag.bg/en/activity-and-production 10 Our history – Tedimex Ltd https://tedimex.bg/en/notre-histoire/ 11 Fat days for Bulgarian, Hungarian foie gras makers - Taipei Times https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/worldbiz/archives/2009/12/14/2003460869 12 Fatter days for Bulgarian, Hungarian foie gras makers | The Independent | The Independent https://www.the-independent.com/life-style/food-and-drink/fatter-days-for-bulgarian-hungarian-foie-gras-makers-1840807.html 13 :: Brezovo Ltd.Welcome:: https://www.brezovo.com/en/home.html 14 Agroplasment -92 -V https://agroplasment92v.com/eng/index.html 15 16 untitled https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/avian-influenza-overview-joint-report-October-2017.pdf 17 18 19 29 2018_04_20_Opinion_AW_and_Foie_gras_ducks_geese.pdf https://corhv.government.bg/files/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0/02_%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%20%D0%B8%20%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC%20%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%85/2018_04_20_Opinion_AW_and_Foie_gras_ducks_geese.pdf 20 Buy early and share, foie gras makers say after bird flu slashed output | Reuters https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/buy-early-share-foie-gras-makers-say-after-bird-flu-slashed-output-2022-10-20/ 21 Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 22 Bulgaria Concerned over Foie Gras Ban | The Poultry Site https://www.thepoultrysite.com/news/2012/10/bulgaria-concerned-over-foie-gras-ban 23 Agroplasment -92 -V https://agroplasment92v.com/eng/index-2.html 24 Foie gras producing and importing countries: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly https://en.stopgavagesuisse.ch/post/foie-gras-producing-and-importing-countries-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-1 25 Bulgaria Fresh or chilled fatty livers of geese or ducks exports by country | 2017 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2017/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020731 26 Bulgaria Frozen cuts and offal of geese, ducks and guine exports by country | 2023 | Data https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/BGR/year/2023/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/020743 27 4 Goods Where Bulgaria is a Leader in Exports in the World | Agroberichten Buitenland https://www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/08/22/4-goods-where-bulgaria-is-a-leader-in-exports-in-the-world 28 zakon_za_zashchita_na_zhivotnite_v_sila_ot_31012008_g_obn_dv_br13_ot_8_fevruari_2008g_izm_dv_br80_ot_9_oktomvri_2009g_izm_dv_br8_ot_25_ianuari_2011.pdf https://www.mzh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2018/02/27/zakon_za_zashchita_na_zhivotnite_v_sila_ot_31012008_g_obn_dv_br13_ot_8_fevruari_2008g_izm_dv_br80_ot_9_oktomvri_2009g_izm_dv_br8_ot_25_ianuari_2011.pdf 31 [title unknown] https://www.poultryworld.net/the-industrymarkets/market-trends-analysis-the-industrymarkets-2/bulgarias-poultry-sector-sees-successful-recovery/